Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek gizi kesehatan ibu dalam pemberian MP-ASI lokal pada anak baduta di Kabupaten Sidrap

HAFID, Muhammad Iskandar, Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Anak bawah dua tahun (baduta) merupakan salah satu golongan penduduk rawan gizi. Pada usia 6 bulan ASI tidak lagi mencukupi kebutuhan gizi bayi dan harus diberikan makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI). Keluarga miskin akan mengalami kesulitan dalam pemenuhan hal tersebut, apalagi dengan mahalnya harga MP-ASI pabrikan. MP-ASI lokal merupakan salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah gizi karena mudah didapat dan harga terjangkau. Dalam pemberian MP-ASI lokal ternyata banyak hal yang mempengaruhi untuk bisa dikonsumsi oleh anak baduta, seperti pengetahuan dan sikap ibu. Setelah pemberian MP-ASI lokal tahun 2006-2007 ternyata prevalensi gizi kurang di Kab. Sidrap masih tinggi yaitu 13,61% dan gizi buruk 1,79%. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap gizi kesehatan ibu dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI lokal. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Kabupaten Sidrap Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data diambil dengan kuesioner dan indepth interview, dari bulan Oktober – Desember 2008 dengan subyek penelitian adalah ibu baduta sebanyak 86 sampel dan 9 diantaranya juga diwawancara dengan pedoman wawancara. Hasil : Karakteristik responden yaitu umur dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan pengetahuan, sikap gizi kesehatan dan praktek pemberian MP-ASI (p > 0,05). Variabel pendidikan ada hubungan dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek gizi kesehatan. Hubungan yang bermakna (p < 0,05) juga pada pengetahuan dan sikap gizi kesehatan dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI lokal. Hasil analisis data kualitatif mendapatkan sebagian besar responden belum mengetahui apa itu MP-ASI lokal, tetapi sikap yang ditunjukkan sebagian besar positif karena mendapat MP-ASI lokal dari posyandu. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap gizi kesehatan ibu dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI lokal. Untuk itu perlu penyuluhan/sosialisasi MP-ASI lokal kepada ibu baduta baik melalui posyandu maupun sarana kesehatan yang lain.

Background: Children under two years belong to an age group susceptible to nutrition problems. At the age of 6 months breastmilk can no longer fulfill the need for nutrient and has to be supplied with complementary breastfeeding. Poor families may face problems in fulfilling nutrition needs for their babies due to increasing price of manufactured complementary breastfeeding. Local complementary breastfeeding is an alternative to solve nutrition problems because it is easy to obtain and affordable. However the provision of local complementary breastfeeding for children under two years can be affected by some factors such as knowledge and attitude of mothers.At District of Sidrap local complementary breastfeeding has been provided since 2006/2007 but the prevalence of undernourish children is still relatively high, i.e. 13.61% and 1.79% for malnutrition. Objective: The study aimed to identify the association between knowledge and attitude of health nutrition of mothers and the provision of local complementary breastfeeding among poor population. Method: This observational study used a cross sectional design and was carried out at District of Sidrap, Province of Sulawesi Selatan. Data were collected from October to December 2008, containing primary data which were obtained from questionnaire and indepth interview. Subject of the study were 86 mothers of children under two years, 9 of them were also interviewed using interview guide. Result: Respondent characteristics, i.e. age, occupation had no association with knowledge, attitude of health nutrition and the provision of local complementary breastfeeding (p>0.05); whereas education had association with knowledge and attitude of health nutrition. There was significant association (p<0.05) between knowledge and attitude of health nutrition and the provision of local complementary breastfeeding. The result of qualitative data analysis showed the majority of respondents had not understood local complementary breastfeeding, but the majority had positive attitude because they received local complementary breastfeeding from integrated service post (Posyandu). Conclusion: There was significant association between knowledge and attitude of health nutrition of mothers and the provision of local complementary breastfeeding. Therefore it was necessary to conduct socialization of local complementary breastfeeding for mothers of children under two years either through integrated service post (posyandu) or health acilities.

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan,Sikap,Praktek,MP,ASI lokal,behavior, knowledge,atitude,pratice, local complementary breastfeeding