Hubungan status stunted dengan perkembangan balita di wilayah pesisir pantai utara Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon

HIZNI, Alina, dr. Madarina Julia, Sp.AK, MPH, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Masalah kurang energi protein (KEP) sebagai salah satu masalah gizi utama yang terjadi pada balita sangat berpengaruh pada proses tumbuh kembang anak. Prevalensi status stunted pada anak balita di negara berkembang pada tahun 2000 diperkirakan 33%. prevalensi stunted di kota Cirebon 10,27%, di wilayah pesisir pantai utara Kota Cirebon sebesar 11,4%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status stunted dengan perkembangan anak balita di wilayah pesisir pantai utara Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional di wilayah pesisir pantai utara Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Nopember 2008 hingga Januari 2009. Subjek penelitian adalah anak balita sebanyak 166 anak, responden adalah orangtua dari anak balita. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner, papan pengukur panjang badan, microtoise, formulir dan tes Denver II. Analisis data dengan uji statistik chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan confident interval (CI) 95%. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status stunted dengan perkembangan motorik halus, bahasa, dan motorik kasar. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu dengan perkembangan personal social, motorik halus, bahasa, dan motorik kasar. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan perkembangan personal social, motorik halus, bahasa, dan motorik kasar. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status stunted (p= 0,01; OR= 3,59), pendidikan ibu (p= 0,01; OR= 5,32), dan pekerjaan ibu (p= < 0,001; OR= 9,06) dengan perkembangan anak. Analisis multivariabel menunjukan bahwa status stunted lebih berrisiko terhadap perkembangan bahasa anak dibanding dengan indikator perkembangan anak yang lainnya. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara status stunted dengan perkembangan anak, namun status stunted lebih berrisiko terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan bahasa, dan faktor risiko yang dominan mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pekerjaan dan pendidikan ibu.

Background: The problem of protein energy inadequacy is a major problem among underfives that affects the process of child growth and development. The prevalence of stunted status among underfives in developing countries in 2008 was estimated as much as 33%. In Cirebon Municipality the prevalence is 10.27% and north coastal area of Cirebon Municipality the prevalence is 11.4%. Objective: To identify the association between stunted status and development of underfives at north coastal area of Subdistrict of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality. Method: This was an observational study with a cross sectional design carried out at north coastal area of Subdistrict of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality from November 2008 to January 2009. Subject of the study consisted of 166 underfives and the respondents were parents of those children. Samples were chosen purposively. Research instruments consisted of questionnaire, length board, microtoise, forms and Denver II test. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression with Confidence Interval (CI) 95%. Result: There was significant association between stunted status and development of fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor capacity. There was significant association between education of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between occupation of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between stunted status (p=0.01; OR=3.59), education of mothers (p=0.01; OR=5.32), and occupation of mothers (p=<0.001; OR=9.06) and child development. The result of multivariate analysis showed that stunted status had greater risk for delayed language development of underfives than other indicators of child development. Conclusion: There was no association between stunted status and child development; however stunted status had greater risk for delay in language development, and risk factors dominantly affecting child development were occupation and education of mothers.

Kata Kunci : Status stunted,Perkembangan balita,Pesisir Pantai Utara,Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk,Cirebon,