Kinerja tenaga pelaksana gizi puskesmas di Kota Depok Jawa Barat

ADIL, Muhammad, Dra. Sumarni, M.Si

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang. Program perbaikan gizi masyarakat telah berjalan puluhan tahun, namun permasalahan gizi masih cukup kompleks dan terjadi di setiap siklus kehidupan, sejak kandungan (janin) hingga usia lanjut. Permasalahan ini berada pada satu sisi, sementara pada sisi yang lain masyarakat membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan dan gizi yang bermutu. Balitbangkes (2005) menginformasikan bahwa ada indikasi rendahnya kinerja tenaga pelaksana gizi di lapangan. Puskesmas adalah sarana kesehatan terdepan yang memberi pelayanan kesehatan dan gizi kepada masyarakat di seluruh pelosok tanah air. Tenaga pelaksana gizi (TPG) puskesmas merupakan ujung tombak pelaksana program gizi, dan berhadapan langsung dengan masyarakat, karena itu perannya menjadi sangat penting adanya. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui kinerja tenaga pelaksana gizi puskesmas di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional dengan subjek TPG puskesmas sebagai koordinator dan/atau pelaksana gizi lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September s.d. Desember 2008 di Kota Depok Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data kinerja TPG puskesmas, variabel individu, variabel psikologi, dan variabel organisasi, dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner/ formulir isian secara emik, dan data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Data kuantitatif diolah dan dianalisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji statistik korelasi, Pearson Chi-Square, dan Kruskal Wallis. Data Kualitatif hasil wawancara dibuat transkript dan dianalisis dengan metode kuotasi. Hasil : Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara umur (variabel individu) dengan tingkat motivasi (r=-0,384) pada variabel psikologi; sedangkan unsur lainnya pada variabel tersebut tidak ada hubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan (variabel individu) dengan hubungan antar manusia (r=-0,389), dan tingkat kepemimpinan (r=-0,389) pada variabel organisasi, serta tingkat kemampuan (variabel individu) dengan tujuan organisasi (r=0,484), struktur organisasi (r=0,484), dan unsur penunjang (r=0,451) pada variabel organisasi; sedangkan unsur lainnya tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Ada hubungan bermakna antara umur dengan kinerja total (r=-0,451); dan tingkat motivasi dengan kinerja total (r=0,367); sedangkan unsur lainnya tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan kinerja total (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Untuk meningkatkan kinerja TPG puskesmas disarankan untuk dilakukan pemberian motivasi kepada TPG; peningkatan kemampuan melalui pelatihan teknis dan motivator; serta pemenuhan

Background: The program of community nutrition improvement has been implemented for years; however the problem of nutrition is still relatively complicated and occurs in each cycle of life from the beginning of life (fetus), infancy, childhood teenagers, adolescent and elderly. The result of the study carried out by Health Development and Research Council 2005 showed there was an indication of low performance of nutrition staff in the field. Meanwhile the community demands quality nutrition and health services. A health center is a major health facility that provides health including nutrition service to the community throughout the nation. Nutrition staff at the health center are health staff in charge of nutrition program implementation at the level of health center and they are the frontliners of nutrition program implementation in the community. They directly meet the community so that their role becomes very important. Objective: To find out the performance of nutrition staff of the health centers at Depok Municipality, Jawa Barat. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Subject consisted of coordinator of nutrition program and/or nutrition staff in the field. The study was carried out from September to December 2008 at Depok Municipality, Province of Jawa Barat. Data obtained included performance of nutrition staff of the health center, individual variables, psychological variables, and organizational variables that were taken using quantitative method through questionnaire and forms and qualitative method through indepth interview. Quantitative data were processed and analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate with correlation and logistic regression statistical test. Qualitative data were made into transcript and analyzed using quotation method. Result: There was significant association between individual variables and psychological variables in particular between age and motivation (r=-0.384). There was significants association between individual variables and organizational variables, in particular between the level of understanding and objective of the organization (r=0.484); between the level of understanding and organizational structure (r=0.484); between the level of understanding and supporting facilities (r=0.451); between education and human relationship (r=-0.389); between education and leadership (r=-0.389). There was significant association between individual variables and performance in particular between age and total performance (r=-0.451). There was significant association between psychological variable and performance, in particular between motivation and total performance (r=0.367). Conclusion: To improve performance of nutrition staff it was necessary to make some efforts such as fulfilling the need for staff at the health center, improving the understanding about duties and function of nutrition staff, staff refreshing through rolling, and improving motivation of nutrition staff.

Kata Kunci : Kinerja,Tenaga pelaksanan gizi,Sikap,Motivasi,Organisasi, performance, nutrition staff, motivation