Hubungan asupan gizi, kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Utara

HELMI, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS., Sc.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Hasil survei Mercy Corps lewat proyek SHSP (Sumatra Healthy Schools Program) di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara tepatnya di Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa didapatkan prevalensi anemia pada siswa Sekolah Dasar masih tinggi, yaitu 41,81 % (Mercy Corps, 2005). Prestasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa Kabupataen Bengkulu Utara nilai rata-rata rapor untuk 4 mata pelajaran dibawah angka 7 sebanyak 80% (Survey, Juli 2008). Atas dasar tingginya prevalensi anemia dan tingginya persentase prestasi belajar dibawah angka 7 maka peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada hubungan asupan gizi, kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan gizi, kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa yang terpilih menjadi subyek penelitian.Pengambilan sampel secara multistage sampling designs, kelompok terpilih diambil secara acak, untuk sampel masing-masing Sekolah Dasar dan kelas digunakan teknik proporsional stratified random sampling. Untuk mengetahui asupan gizi dilakukan dengan metode recall 24 jam, kadar hemoglobin dengan pemeriksaan darah dan prestasi belajar dengan mengambil nilai ujian akhir semester dari masing-masing guru kelas. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Data asupan gizi diolah dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan software komputer program Nutri Survey for Windows. Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara asupan gizi (protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, besi) dengan kadar hemoglobin (P>0,05), ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar (P< 0,001, r = 0,372) dan ada hubungan antara asupan gizi (besi) dengan prestasi belajar (P = 0,024, r = 0,227). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara asupan gizi dengan kadar hemoglobin, ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar dan ada hubungan antara asupan gizi (besi) dengan prestasi belajar.

Background: The result of Mercy Corps survey throuh SHSP (Sumatra Healthy Schools program) Project at Subdistrict of Pondok Kelapa District of Bengkulu Utara showed the prevalence of anemia among elementary school students is still relatively high, i.e. 41,81% (Mercy Corps, 2005). Academic achievement of elementary school students at Subdistrict of Pondok Kelapa District of Bengkulu Utara in average rapor for 4 subjects is below 7 for as much as 80% (Survey, July 2008). This high prevalence of anemia and large percentage of academic achievement below 7 have encouraged the researcher to find out whether there is association between nutrition intake, hemoglobin level and academic achievement. Objective: To identify the association between nutrition intake, hemoglobin level and academic achievement of elementary school students at Subdistrict of Pondok Kelapa. Method: The study was observational with a cross sectional design. Population and samples of the study were elementary school students of Pondok Kelapa Subdistrict. Sample were taken using multistage sampling and the group specified were randomly chosen. Sample of each elementary school and grades were taken using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data of nutrition intake were obtained through food recall 24 hours, hemoglobin level were obtained through blood examination and academic achievement were obtained through final semester test score from the teacher of each class. Data analylis use univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. Data of nutriton intake were processed and analyzed using Nutri Survey for Windows. Result: There was no association between nutrition intake (protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron) and hemoglobin level (p>0.05), there was association between hemoglobin level and academic achievement (p<0.001, r=0.372), and there was association between nutrition intake (iron) and academic achievement (p=0.024, r=0.227). Conclusion: There was no association between nutrition intake and hemoglobin level, there was association between hemoglobin level and academic achievement, and there was association between nutrition intake (iron) and academic achievement.

Kata Kunci : Asupan gizi,Hemoglobin,Prestasi belajar,Bengkulu Utara