Hubungan antara karakteristik keluarga, pola asuh dan asupan gizi dengan status gizi anak usia 0-36 bulan di Kota Banda Aceh
RAZALI, dr. Kristiani, SU
2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar belakang. Masalah kekurangan energi dan protein merupakan salah satu masalah gizi di Indonesia. Penyebab langsung adalah infeksi penyakit dan asupan gizi. Penyebab tidak langsung adalah pengasuhan anak dan ibu hamil, ketahanan pangan tingkat keluarga dan pelayanan kesehatan. Keadaan ini diperburuk lagi karena pola pengasuhan anak yang kurang baik. Indonesia pada tahun 2005 prevalensi anak bawah lima tahun yang menderita gizi buruk dan kurang yaitu 19,24% gizi kurang dan 8,8% gizi buruk di Indonesia. Tahun 2007 prevalensi gizi kurang 7,57% dan gizi buruk 1,35% di Kota Banda Aceh. Tujuan penelitian. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh dan asupan gizi dengan status gizi anak bawah tiga tahun(batita) di Kota Banda Aceh. Metodelogi penelitian. Jenis penelitian obsevasional analitik, rancangan cross sectional dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini 140 anak batita. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data berat badan dangan tinggi badan anak,karakteristik keluarga, pola asuhdan asupan gizi. Hasil penelitian : Hasil uji chi squere tentang Karakteristik keluarga menunjukkan ada hubungan pekerjaan (p<0,05 dan OR=3,214, 95% CI=1,32-7,85), jumlah anak balita dalam keluarga (p<0,05, OR=2,882 dan 95% CI=1,32-6,28), pola asuh makan (p<0,05, OR=4,68 dan 95% CI=2,06-10,61), pola asuh keperawatan kesehatan (p<0,05, OR=2,40, dan 95% CI=1,09-5,31), asupan energi (p<0,05, OR=16,72, dan 95% CI=6,56- 42,62), dan asupan protein (p<0,05, OR=13,3195% CI=5,43-32,58) dengan status gizi anak batita. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermaknan antara pendidikan ibu (p=0,192), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,582), dan higiene dan sanitasi (p=0,582) dengan status gizi anak batita. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anak balita dalam keluarga, pola asuh makan dan pola asuh keperawatan kesehatan terhadap status gizi anak batita di Kota Banda Aceh
Background: The problem of energy and protein deficiency is a major nutrition problem in Indonesia. The direct causes of it are disease infection and nutrition intake. The indirect causes are child rearing pattern and pregnant mothers, food security of the family and health service. The problem can be worse in poor child rearing pattern. The prevalence of undernourished and malnourished children in Indonesia was 19.24% and 8.8% in 2005. The prevalence of undernourished and malnourished children at Banda Aceh Municipality in 2007 was 7.57% and 1.35%. Objective: To identify the association between rearing pattern and nutrition intake and nutrition status of infants of 0 – 35 months at Banda Aceh Municipality. Method: The study was analytic observational with cross sectional design and qualitative as well as quantitative methods. There were 140 samples of children under 3 years. Data consisted of anthropometric data obtained through the measurement of height and weight of the children. Data of rearing pattern were obtained from questionnaire and data of protein and energy intake were obtained through food recall method 24 hours for 3 times. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate technique, i.e. nutrition intake, rearing pattern and characteristics of the family, and nutrition status with chi square method. Indepth interview was made to support the study. Result: The result of chi square test showed there was association between occupation (p=0.008; OR=3.214), number of children under 3 years in the family (p=0.007; OR=2.882); eating pattern (p=0.000; OR=4.679); health nursing rearing pattern (p=0.028; OR=2.400); intake of energy (p=0.000; OR=16.722) and intake of protein (p=0.000; OR=13.306) and nutrition status of children under 3 years. There was no association between education of mothers (p=0.192), family income (p=0.582), hygiene and sanitation (p=0.582) and nutrition status of children under 3 years at Banda Aceh Municipality. Parents of children under 3 years had understood and provided good rearing for their children. Conclusion: There was association between occupation of mothers, number of children under 3 years in the family, eating pattern and health nursing pattern and nutrition status of children under 3 years at Banda Aceh Municipality.
Kata Kunci : Karakteristik,Pola asuh,Asupan gizi,Status gizi, family characteristics, rearing pattern,nutrition intake, nutrition status
