Hubungan perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan
RAHMADI, Toto Sudargo, SKM., M.Kes
2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Undang-undang Nomor 25 tahun 2000 tentang Program Pembangunan Nasional dan Visi Indonesia Sehat 2010 menetapkan 80% keluarga menjadi keluarga sadar gizi (Kadarzi). Hasil data survei Kadarzi pada tahun 2006 dan 2007 didapatkan keluarga yang belum Kadarzi 52,7% dan 27,2%. Hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi Balita (z-Score BB/U) didapatkan status gizi kurang menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, yaitu tahun 2004 sebesar (5,1%), tahun 2005 (9,8%) dan tahun 2006 (10,1%) Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel terikat: status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB) dan variabel bebas: perilaku sadar gizi, ketahanan pangan keluarga serta variabel pengganggu: pendidikan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Subyek penelitian balita usia 6-24 bulan, jumlah 198 balita. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Uji Chi-Square dan Regresi Logistik Berganda (Multiple Logistic Regression) dan didukung analisis kualitatitf dengan indepth interview bagi keluarga belum Kadarzi. Hasil Penelitian: Keluarga sudah Kadarzi 145 (73,2%) dan belum Kadarzi 53 (26,8%). Indikator Kadarzi tentang dukungan keluarga memberikan ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan paling banyak tidak dilaksanakan. Alasannya karena setelah melahirkan ASI tidak keluar, susu ibu bengkak dan mengeluarkan darah, hamil lagi dan alasan pekerjaan. Semua keluarga menggunakan garam beryodium dalam memasak makanan. Keluarga tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi masing-masing sebesar 47,5% dan 52,5%, keluarga yang tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein masing-masing sebesar 52,5% dan 47,5% dan status gizi balita hasil z-score BB/TB didapatkan balita gizi baik 72,7% dan gizi kurang 27,3%. Perilaku sadar gizi berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi (p<0,05). Perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi balita (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Perilaku sadar gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan perkapita berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi, sedangan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan perkapita berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein. Perilaku sadar gizi keluarga dan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB).
Background: Act No. 25/2000 about National Development Program and Vision Healthy Indonesia 2010 specified that 80% of Indonesian families become nutrition alert families. The result of survey on nutrition alert families in indicated that in 2006 as much as 52.7% and in 2007 as much as 27.2% of families were not yet nutrition alert. The result of monitoring of nutrition status of underfives (z-score) showed undernourishment increased from 5.1% in 2004 to 10.1% in 2005. Objective: To analyze association between nutrition alert behavior and food security of the family and nutrition status of underfives at District of Tanah Laut, Province of Kalimantan Selatan. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The dependent variable was nutrition status of underfives (z-score for weight/length); the independent variables were nutrition alert behavior and food security of the family; and the confounding variables were characteristics of the family (parents' education, number of the family members, knowledge of mothers about nutrition and family income). Subject consisted of underfives of 6 – 24 months with as many as 198 underfives. Data analysis used chi-square and double logistic regression (multiple logistic regression) and qualitative analysis with indepth interview for families that were not yet nutrition alert. Result: There were 145 families (73.2%) that were nutrition alert and 53 (26.8%) that were not nutrition alert. An indicator of nutrition alert in the form of family support to exclusive breastfeeding from 0 – 6 months had not been practiced for reasons that breastmilk could not be produced, the breasts were swollen and bled, mothers got pregnant again and occupational issues. All families used iodine salt in cooking. Based on consumption of energy 47.5% of families had food security and 52,5% did not have food security; based on consumption of protein 52.5% of families had food security and 47.5% did not have food security; based on the result of z-score weight for height 72.7% of children had good nutrition and 27.3% were undernourished. Behavior of nutrition alert was significantly associated with food security of the family based on consumption of energy (p<0.05). There was no significant association between behavior of nutrition alert and food security of the family based on consumption of energy and protein and nutrition status of underfives (p>0.05). Conclusion: Behavior of nutrition alert, number of family members, knowledge of mothers about nutrition and income percapita were significantly associated with food security of the family based on consumption of energy, whereas knowledge of mothers about nutrition and income percapita were significantly associated with food security of the family based on consumption of protein. Behavior of nutrition alert of the family based on consumption of energy and protein was not associated with nutrition status of underfives (z-score weight for height).
Kata Kunci : Keluarga sadar gizi,Karakteritik keluarga,Ketahanan pangan,Status gizi balita, nutrition alert, family characteristics, food security, nutrition status of underfives
