Kondisi udara, kesehatan dan kenyamanan masyarakat di sekitar PT. Madu Baru Yogyakarta

KAMTESA, Meri, Ir. Soendoro Praptokoesoemo, MM

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar Belakang: Industri memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan sebagian besar umat manusia. Secara ekonomi, industri penting bagi negara dan dapat mempekerjakan jutaan orang. Namun kegiatan pokok industri berpotensi menghasilkan emisi polutan udara sehingga menimbulkan pencemaran udara. Kegiatan PT Madu Baru saat musim giling menyebabkan kondisi udara di sekitarnya menjadi kotor dan tercemar oleh debu yang keluar dari cerobong pabrik. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui dampak negatif emisi polutan dengan menganalisis hubungan jarak bermukim dan lama bermukim dengan kenyamanan dan kesehatan masyarakat di sekitar PT Madu Baru. Cara Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan studi cohort retrospective. Sampel penelitian adalah masyarakat yang tinggal di sebelah Timur dan Barat PT Madu Baru. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode Foccus Group Discussion dan lembar kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kondisi udara dengan gangguan kenyamanan pada masyarakat (thitung= -1,205 p>0,05) hal ini disebabkan karena masyarakat telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya, sedangkan dengan keluhan kesehatan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (thitung= -1,984 p<0,05), kondisi udara yang lebih buruk menyebabkan keluhan kesehatan yang lebih tinggi. Ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara jarak bermukim dengan gangguan kenyamanan (rXY= -0,394; p<0,05) dan keluhan kesehatan (rXY= -0,321; p<0,05). Ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara lama bermukim dengan gangguan kenyamanan (rXY= 0,298; p<0,05) dan keluhan kesehatan (rXY= 0,379; p<0,05) pada masyarakat di sekitar PT Madu Baru. Kesimpulan: Kondisi udara disekitar PT Madu Baru pada musim giling menimbulkan gangguan kenyamanan dan keluhan kesehatan masyarakat disekitarnya yang berada pada kategori sedang. Semakin jauh jarak bermukim semakin rendah gangguan kenyamanan dan keluhan kesehatan. Semakin lama bermukim semakin tinggi gangguan kenyamanan dan keluhan kesehatan. Saran: PT Madu Baru agar melakukan penyempurnaan peralatan pabrik untuk mengurangi jumlah polutan di udara. Perlunya intervensi kesehatan terutama bagi masyarakat yang bermukim dekat dengan pabrik.

Background: At present, industry plays an important role in the life of humanity. In the economic perspective, it is very important for states in providing numerous job vacancies for millions people worldwide. Nevertheless, activities in industrial sectors have the potential of causing air pollution. Activities of PT Madu Baru at a milling time have caused air condition around the factory dirty and polluted by dust from the factory smokestack. Objective: The objective of study is to examine the negative impacts of pollutant emission by analyzing the relationship between the distance and length of residence and the comfort and health of communities living around PT Madu Baru Yogyakarta. Method: It is a descriptive observational study conducted by using a cohort retrospective design. The sample is communities living at the eastern and western areas of PT Madu Baru Yogyakarta. Data collection is conducted by using the Focus Group Discussion method and questionnaire sheets. Result: Result of the study indicates that there was no significant correlation between air condition and comfort disturbance felt by communities (tcalculation = - 1.205 p > 0.05) because they have adapted to their environment. Whereas there was a significant correlation between air condition and health-related complaints (tcalculation = -1,948 p > 0.05), in which the worse of the air condition the higher the health-related complaints. There was a significantly negative correlation between the distance of residence and comfort disturbance (rxy = -0.394; p<0.05) and health-related complaints (rxy = -0.321; p<0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between the length of residence and the comfort disturbance (rxy=0.298; p<0.05) and the health-related complaints (rxy=0.379; p<0.05) among communities living around PT Madu Baru. Conclusion: At the milling time, air condition around PT Madu Baru caused the comfort disturbance and health-related complaints for communities surrounding. They were at a moderate category. More far the distance of residence, the comfort disturbance and the health-related complaints is lower. More long the time of stay the comfort disturbance and the health-related complaints is higher. Suggestion: PT Madu Baru is necessary to complete the factory equipment for reducing the amount of pollutants in the air. Health intervention should also be carried out, particularly for communities living around the factory.

Kata Kunci : Polusi udara,Kenyamanan,Kesehatan masyarakat, Air pollution, Comfort, Community health