Kajian kesiapan Pemerintah Kabupaten Ende dalam menanggulangi bencana gempa bumi

SOENGKONO, Josef Bimo Aryo, Dr. Ir. Iman Satyarno, M.E

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Pengelolaan Bencana Alam

Kabupaten Ende merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang rawan terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Gempa tektonik yang terjadi di Flores pada tanggal 12 Desember 1992 dengan kekuatan 6,8 SR , telah menimbulkan kematian dan kerusakan berbagai infrastruktur di Kabupaten Ende. Bencana gempa bumi hingga saat ini belum dapat diprediksi kapan akan terjadi, namun untuk meminimalisir akibat yang ditimbulkan gempa bumi, perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya mitigasi pada sebelum, saat, dan sesudah bencana secara terencana, terpadu dan berkelanjutan sehingga dapat memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengkaji kesiapan Pemerintah Kabupaten Ende baik pada sebelum, saat, maupun pasca bencana serta kesiapan masyarakat, tukang bangunan dan peran perguruan tinggi dalam menanggulangi bencana gempa bumi. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, dengan sampel sumber data yakni aparatur Pemerintah, masyarakat, tukang, Dosen perguruan tinggi dan kondisi bangunan. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan melakukan pemeriksaan bangunan menggunakan FEMA 154, 2000. Hasil yang diharapkan dapat dijadikan pedoman penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi di Kabupaten Ende. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan Pemerintah Kabupaten Ende dalam penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi belum optimal. Tanggung jawab dan wewenang pemerintah daerah dalam penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana belum dilaksanakan sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007. Tingkat kerentanan masyarakat Kabupaten Ende sangat tinggi, yang disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Pengetahuan dan keahlian tukang bangunan belum memadai, hal ini disebabkan karena pengetahuan dan keahlian hanya berdasarkan pengalaman. Peran lembaga pendidikan yang ada di Kabupaten Ende sangat terbatas dan belum menjadi mitra kerja bagi pemerintah daerah dalam upaya penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana.

Ende Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that was so vulnerable to earthquake disaster. A tectonic earthquake in Flores on December 12, 1992 with the force of 6.8 on the Richter Scale resulted in death and many severely damaged infrastructures in the regency. The earthquake disaster could not be predicted as it would occur. However, to mitigate the severe impacts of the earthquake, it needs to perform mitigating efforts before, at the moment of, and after the disaster in a planned, integrated, and sustainable manner. It is expected that it will, therefore, improve the efforts of handling the earthquake disaster. This study was to evaluate and examine the readiness of the government of Ende Regency before, at the moment of, and after the disaster, and the readiness of communities, builders, and universities in handling the earthquake disaster. It was a descriptive qualitative study with data sources of government apparatuses, communities, builders, lectures, and construction conditions. Data collection was conducted by using the techniques of questionnaire, interview, and documentary study as well as inspecting construction using the FEMA 154, 2000. It is expected that a result of the study can be a useful guide for handling the earthquake disaster in Ende Regency. The result of the study indicated that readiness of the Government of Ende Regency in handling the earthquake disaster was not optimal. The responsibility and authority of the local government in implementing the procedures of handling the disaster were not in comply with Act No. 24/2007. The level of vulnerability in the communities was especially high, because of the lack of their knowledge on the disaster. Knowledge and expertise hold by the builders were not adequate due to the fact that both were merely based on experiences. The roles of the existing education institutions in the regency were very limited and did not become good working partners for the local government in handling the disaster.

Kata Kunci : Gempa bumi,Penanggulangan bencana,UU 24/2007, Earthquake, Disaster Mitigation, Act No. 24/2007