Pemisahan logam perak limbah cucian foto rontgen dengan metode elektrolisis menggunakan sumber energi solar cell

NURFAJRIANSAH, Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng., D.Eng

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sistem Teknik

Pembuangan limbah cair ke lingkungan tanpa adanya pengolahan terlebih dulu, akhir-akhir ini semakin meningkat.Meskipun volumenya kecil namun jika dibiarkan hal ini akan terus menerus dilakukan, maka dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dan atau menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan yang serius. Rumah sakit salah satu penyumbang limbah yaitu cucian foto rontgen menghasilkan bahan pencemar yang keberadaannya sangat menggangu lingkungan apabila tidak dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Sungguh sangat dramatis bila limbah tersebut tercurah ke lingkungan seperti sungai atau menggenangi sawah.Sehingga perlu adanya alternative pengolahan agar limbah tersebut tidak merusak ekosistem sekitarnya. Metode pengolahan yang diterapkan pada limbah cucian foto rontgen dengan kandungan Ag adalah metode elektrolisis. Pengolahan dengan metode ini merupakan teknik yang cukup murah, resiko cukup rendah dan cukup mudah penggunannya. Obyek penelitian ini adalah limbah cucian foto rontgen. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Proses elektrolisis ini dilakukan dengan variasi jarak plat elektroda yaitu 2,4,6 cm dan variasi Jenis plat elektroda yaitu ss-fe, zink, dan Al dengan waktu kontak 30, 60, 90 menit. Limbah cair hasil proses dianalisis di laboratorium dan tingkat efisiensinya dinyatakan dengan nilai sebelum dan sesudah proses. Besarnya Jarak, jenis pasangan elektroda dan waktu kontak dalam proses elektrolisis berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar Ag yang terkandung didalam limbah cucian foto rontgen. Penurunan kadar Ag tertinggi terjadi pada jarak 2 cm jenis pasangan elektroda SS-Fe dan waktu kontak 90 menit menjadi 0,0017 mg/L dari kadar mula-mula 4884,46 mg/l. Effisiensi penurunan kadar Ag dari hasil proses elektrolisis dengan variasi jarak, jenis pasangan plat elektroda dan waktu kontak yang terkandung dalam limbah cucian foto rontgen tertinggi terjadi pada jarak 2 cm, jenis pasangan plat elektroda SS-Fe dan waktu kontak 90 menit.sebesar 99,96 %

The disposal of waste water into the surrounding environment without previous processing has recently increased. Although the volume was small, if it is only left and electrolysis occurs, it can lead environment pollutions and serious damages of environment. Hospital produce pollutants is a waste water x-ray fotos, so that if not processed before, they will extremely disturb and be so harmful to the surrounding environment. Ironically, such water is deliberately effused into the surrounding environment such as river or wet rice field. Therefore, it is required that there are alternatives for processing the waste water, so it will not damage and be harmful for the surrounding ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to find out the influences.And the efficiency of variation in,distances of electrode plates and contact times in the process of electrolysis on the decrease of silver contained in the x ray-fotos waste water of the hospital. A processing method that applied to the waste water x-ray fotos with the contents of silver,is electrolysis method.The method of processing waste water by using the electrolysis method is relatively inexpensive technique with sufficiently lower risks and so easy to apply. The object of this study is the waste water from hospital. The study is conducted at laboratory scale. The process of electrolysis is conducted by using a variety of elektroda plates and various distances of the electrode plates i.e. 2, 4 and 6 cm with the contact times of 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively. The waste water as result of the process is analyzed in laboratory and the efficiency level of the electrolysis process is stated with values of before and after the process. Magnitudes of, distances of electrode plates electrolysis electroly and contact times in the electrolysis process actually influence reduction of the contents of silver contained in the waste water of hospital. Highest reduction of the contents of SS-Fe electroly, distance of electrode plates 2cm, and contact time 90 min 0.0017 mg/L from initial content 4884.46 mg/l. Efficiency in reduction of the contents of as result of the electrolysis process with a variety of electrode plates classification, distances of electrode plates and contact times contained in the waste water of hospitalis highest at SS-Fe elektroda plates, distance of electrode plates 2 cm and contact time 90 min, 99.96% for the content of silver.

Kata Kunci : Logam perak,Elektrolisis,Jarak,Jenis elektroda,Silver, electrolysis, electrode, distance of electrode plates