Pembuatan alat uji karakteristik turbin air open flume dengan pemompaan langsung

SUSANTO, Budi Nugroho, Dr.-Ing. Ir. Agus Maryono

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sistem Teknik

Penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi turbin mikrohidro memerlukan sarana uji turbin yang memadai agar diperoleh teknologi turbin yang optimum. Sarana uji turbin digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik turbin. Dengan mengetahui karakteristik turbin maka dapat mempercepat inovasi teknologi turbin. Penelitan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hidraulika dan Bangunan Air Program Diploma Teknik Sipil Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Nopember 2008 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2009. Metode penelitan meliputi; perancangan, pembuatan, dan pengujian alat uji karakteristik turbin air open flume dengan pemompaan langsung. Parameter penelitian, yaitu: karakteristik sistem alat uji turbin open flume dengan pemompaan langsung meliputi: head efektif turbin, head pompa, debit operasi, head losses sistem alat uji, dan efisiensi sistem alat uji; karakteristik turbin air open flume meliput: head efektif turbin, debit operasi, daya output turbingenerator, efisiensi turbin-generator, dan jarak dari dasar draft tube ke dasar reservoir. Hasil perancangan alat uji karakteristik turbin air open flume dengan pemompaan langsung, yaitu ; water box berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 30 cm, tinggi 30 cm, tebal pelat 0,7 mm dan sistem sambungan tutup water box menggunakan sambungan baut-mur dengan jumlah 10 buah baut diameter 5 mm; dan turbin diletakan setinggi 1 m dari muka air bawah. Pada sistem alat uji karakteristik turbin air open flume dengan pemompaan langsung, turbin celup menghasilkan daya 103,32 Watt pada debit operasi 11,55 liter/detik, dan head efektif 3 m dengan efisiensi turbin-generator 30,41% dan efisiensi turbin celup tertinggi 32,15% didapatkan pada kondisi kerja: debit operasi 10,67 liter/detik, dan head efektif 2,59 m. Sistem alat uji karakteristik turbin air open flume dengan pemompaan langsung mempunyai efisiensi tertinggi 25,09% ketika sistem alat uji dioperasikan pada head efektif 2,59 m, dan debit operasi 10,67 liter/detik. Efisiensi turbin-generator tertinggi sebesar 30,41% pada saat jarak dari dasar draft tube ke dasar reservoir sebesar 19 cm.

The developing and research of microhydro turbine technology need adequate turbine test instrument so it is got the optimum turbine technology. The turbine test instrument is used to get turbine characteristic. Knowing characteristic turbine, it can accelerate turbine technology innovation. The research was done in the hydraulic and water building laboratory, Civil Engineering Diploma, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The research was done on November 2008 until February 2009. The research method included: design; making; and testing the turbine test instrument with direct pumping. Research parameter for characteristic of test turbine instrument included: turbine head; pump head; discharge; head loss; and efficiency of turbine test instrument system. The characteristic of water turbine type open flume included: turbine head, discharge, output power turbine-generator; turbine-generator efficiency; distance from draft tube base to reservoir base; and head loss of hydraulic jump. The result of turbine test instrument design was cylinder water box with diameter 30 cm, height 30 cm, thickness 0.7 mm and cover of water box used principle active extension. Active extension used 10 bolts diameter 5 mm; and turbine was located as high as 1 m from tail race. On the system instrument test characteristic of open flume turbine with direct pumping, submerged turbine produced 103.32 Watt on operation discharge 11.55 liter/second and effective head 3 m with turbine-generator efficiency 30.41%. The highest turbine-generator efficiency was 32.15% on discharge 10.67 liter/second and effective head 2.59 m. The system of turbine test instruments with direct pumping had highest efficiency 25.09% when it was operated on effective head 2.59 m and operation discharge 10.67 liter/second. The highest turbine-generator efficiency is 30.41% when distance from draft tube base to reservoir base was 19 cm.

Kata Kunci : Alat uji turbin,Krakteristik turbin,Open flume, instrument test turbine, characteristic turbine, open flume.