Pengaruh penggunaan biostarter terhadap kecepatan pengomposan dan kandungan n,p,k,c/n ratio pada pembuatan kompos tablet

KUSMANTO, Dr. Ir. Djafar Shiddieq, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sistem Teknik

Sampah merupakan masalah yang sangat penting dan pelik, jika tidak dikelola dan dimanfaatkan akan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan dan dapat menurunkan kualitas kehidupan. Volume sampah Kabupaten Wonogiri sebanyak 287 m3/hari tahun 2003, 370 m3/hari tahun 2004, 399 m3/hari tahun 2005, 384 m3/hari tahun 2006, 295 m3/hari tahun 2007, yang terdiri dari sampah organik dan anorganik. Sampah organik dapat diolah menjadi kompos tablet yang lebih menarik bentuknya dan penggunaannya lebih praktis serta bernilai ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh biostarter terhadap kecepatan pengomposan dan kandungan N, P, K, C/N ratio pada pembuatan kompos tablet. Pada proses pengomposan selain dibutuhkan sampah organik juga dibutuhkan alat komposter dan biostarter. Biostarter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Biostrater EM4, Biostarter Stardec dan Biostarter Tradisional. Biostarter Tradisional merupakan biostarter yang terbuat dari sampah busuk yang diambil lindinya, yang merupakan alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan biostarter buatan pabrik dan aplikasinya sangat mudah bagi petani. Biostarter tersebut ditambahkan pada bahan baku sampah organik untuk membantu proses pengomposan selama 40 hari. Setiap 10 hari sekali, kompos dianalisa C/N ratio dan kandungan N, P, K untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan biostarter. Hasil penelitian kecepatan proses pengomposan ditunjukkan oleh besarnya C/N ratio selama 40 hari pada penggunaan Biostarter EM4, Biostater Stardec, Biostarter Tradisional berturut-turut: 20,43, 20,91, 6,50%, sedangkan nilai akhir C/N ratio kompos berturut-turut sebesar: 31,55, 33,17, 34,43 belum mencapai standar SNI19-7030-2004 sebesar 10-20, kompos belum matang. Kandungan N, P, K pada pengomposan dengan menggunakan Biostarter EM4, Biostarter Stardec, Biostarter Tradisional, berturut-turut: (1) Kandungan N total (%) naik sebesar: 16,88, 11,92, 1,34%, hasil akhir sebesar: 1,60, 1,51, 1,45 lebih besar dari N total (%) SNI 19-7030-2004 sebesar 0,40. (2) Kandungan P total (%) turun sebesar: 67,27, 76,56, 69,49%, hasil akhir sebesar: 0,18, 0,15, 0,18 lebih besar dari P total (%) SNI 19-7030-2004 sebesar 0,10 (3) Kandungan K total (%) turun sebesar: 63,05, 64,83, 56,90%, hasil akhir sebesar: 0,99, 0,96, 1,03 lebih besar dari K total (%) SNI 19-7030-2004 sebesar 0,20.

Waste is a very important and complicated. If it is not treated and utilized; it will cause environmental pollution and can decrease the quality of life. The volume of waste in the Wonogiri Regency was as much as 287 m3/day in 2003, 370 m3/day in 2004, 399 m3/day in 2005, 384 m3/day in 2006, 295 m3/day in 2007, consisting of organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste can be processed into tablet compost in a more interesting form and more practical and economical value in the use. The objective of this research was to find how far the effect of biostarter on the velocity of composting and the contents of N, P, K, C/N ratio in the tablet compost production. In the composting process, besides organic waste, composter and biostarter were also needed. Biostarters used in this research were EM4 Biostarter, Stardec Biostarter and Traditional Biostarter. Traditional Biostarter was made from rotten waste from which the alkaline had been removed and it constitutes an alternative to reduce the usage of factory-made biostarters and the application is very simple to be practiced by farmers. The biostarter was added into the organic waste base material to help the process of composting for 40 days. Every 10 days the C/N ratio and the contents of N, P, K in the compost were analyzed to find the effect of the biostarter addition. The results of the composting process research were shown by the value of C/N ratio for 40 days in the usage of the EM4 Biostarter, Stardec Biostarter, and Traditional Biostarter in a row: 20.43, 20.91, 6.50%, whereas the last value of C/N ratio of compost continually as much as: 31.55, 33.17, 34.43 not meeting the standard of SNI19-7030-2004 as big as 10-20, the compost was not well done. The contents of N, P, K in the composting process using EM4 Biostarter, Stardec Biostarter and Traditional Biostarter were as follows: (1) The total content of N (%) increased as much as: 16.88, 11.92, 1.34%, the last results were as much as: 1.60, 1.51, 1.45 bigger than the total N (%) of SNI 19-7030-2004 as much as 0.40. (2) The total content of P (%) decreased as much as: 67.27, 76.56, 69.49%, the last results were as much as: 0.18, 0.15, 0.18 bigger than the total P (%) of SNI 19-7030-2004 as much as 0.10 (3) The total content of K (%) decreased as much as: 63.05, 64.83, 56.90%, the last results were as much as: 0.99, 0.96, 1.03 bigger than the total K (%) of SNI 19-7030-2004 as much as 0.20.

Kata Kunci : Biostarter,Kecepatan dan kandungan,Kompos tablet, Biostarter, Velocity and Content, Tablet Compost