Evaluasi implementasi standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek di Kota Padang

MONITA, Prof. Dr. Achmad Fudholi, DEA. Apt

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Pekerjaan Kefarmasian selalu berkembang mengikuti tuntutan masyarakat agar pasien yang dilayani paham tentang sediaan farmasi yang diterimanya, serta sistem monitoring pada pasien dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Menurut KepMenkes No.1027/Menkes/SK/IX/2004, tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek yang mengacu pada Pharmaceutical Care, apoteker bertanggungjawab atas mutu obat yang diberikan kepada pasien, serta informasi mengenai cara pemakaian dan penggunaan, efek samping hingga monitoring penggunaan obat, untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek di Kota Padang, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan. Dilaksanakan pada 9 kecamatan dari 11 kecamatan yang ada di Kota Padang, karena pada dua kecamatan tidak terdapat apotek. Apotek sampel berjumlah 70 dari jumlah total 167 apotek swasta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner, merujuk pada Monitoring Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek, Depkes RI. Penilaian meliputi enam standar yang terbagi dalam tiga puluh satu parameter. Sedang data mengenai faktor pendukung dan penghambat diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan responden. Sebelumnya dilakukan pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner pada 30 responden menggunakan SPSS 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek di Kota Padang belum terlaksana baik, dengan kategori baik (≥85) sebesar 3%, sedang (65-85) 16%, dan kurang (≤65) 81%. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, diketahui bahwa faktor pendukung pelaksanaan standar adalah motivasi apoteker dalam bekerja, dukungan PSA dan seluruh staf di apotek, dukungan dan komitmen bersama stakeholder terkait yaitu pembuat kebijakan dan regulasi, instansi yang melakukan sosialisasi, monitoring dan pembinaan, perguruan tinggi, organisasi profesi. Sedangkan faktor penghambat adalah apoteker belum berperan di apotek, lemahnya dukungan dan evaluasi oleh pihak manajemen apotek, termasuk pengadaan sarana dan prasarana, kurangnya sosialisasi, legislasi, dan lemahnya kontrol regulasi oleh aparat terkait.

Pharmacy practice always expand according to society demand, in order to patient understanding about the medicine they accepted, and the patient monitoring system can implemented well. Based on the decree of Health Minister of Indonesian Republic number 1027/Health Minister/Kep/IX/2004, about the model standards of pharmacy practice in community pharmacy, refer to Pharmaceutical Care, pharmacists must responsible for quality of medicine for patient, with procedural information use and usage, side effects, monitoring drug use, to improve patient's quality of life. This research represent descriptive research, aim to to know the implementation model standards of pharmacy practice in community pharmacy in Padang City, with support factors and inhibit factors. Executed in 9 subdistrict from 11 subdistrict of Padang City, because two of them there was no pharmacy. Sampel amount was 70 of 167 private pharmacies. Data are collected by using the questionnaire, refer to model standards for monitoring audit in community pharmacy, the department of health of Indonesian Republic. Assessment was cover six standards that are divided in thirthy one parameters. Data about support factors and inhibit factors was got from interviewing respondents. Previously examination have been done of validity and reliability use the SPSS 12 for Windows, by using 30 respondents. The result shows the implementation of model standards of pharmacy practice in community pharmacy in Padang City has not been implemented well, in a good category ( ≥ 85 ) of 3%, middle category (65-85) of 16%, and the less category ( ≤ 65 ) of 81%. Based on the interview, it can be known that supporting factors in implemented model standards of pharmacy practice was support from motivation pharmacists working, the owner’s pharmacy support, all staff in the pharmacies, support and commitment of related stakeholders, i.e. policy and regulatory makers, instances in programs of socialization, construction and monitoring, universities, and professional organizations. Moreover, the inhibiting factors were no pharmacists role, low support and evaluation by managers in the pharmacies, including in facility procurement, lack of socialization, legislation and weak control by related apparatures.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi,Implementasi,Standar pelayanan kefarmasian,Apotek, Evaluation, Implementation, Model Standards of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy