Efektivitas role play dan pemutaran VCD dalam meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi terapeutik mahasiswa STIKES Jenderal Ahmad Yani Yogykarta

ZAKI, Riduan, Sri Werdati, SKM, M.Kes

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 75% dari seluruh waktu seseorang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi. Komunikasi memberi makna kehidupan. Lebih dari separuh klien bagian bedah tidak puas dengan informasi yang mereka terima. Klien membutuhkan komunikasi yang efektif. Kontak sosial bermanfaat untuk memperoleh informasi. Kurang komunikasi antara staf keperawatan dengan klien. Gaya komunikasi perawat berfokus pada tugas. Percakapan perawat cenderung pendek dan kurang mengeksploitasi keyakinan dan kecemasan klien. Salah satu intervensi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian perilaku kesehatan adalah melalui pendidikan, khususnya tentang komunikasi terapeutik. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui efektivitas role play, penayangan VCD dan modul dalam meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi terapeutik mahasiswa Stikes Jenderal Ahmad Yani Yogyakarta. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan penelitian non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Stikes Jenderal Ahmad Yani dan Stikes Surya Global Yogyakarta. Kelompok intervensi berjumlah 42 orang, sedang kelompok kontrol berjumlah 51 orang. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, check list observasi, video compact disc (VCD), modul dan skenario role play contoh kasus. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji statistik independent t-test terhadap difference pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dengan taraf kemaknaan p = 0.05 dan uji paired t-test. Hasil Penelitian : Ada pengaruh bermakna pendidikan komunikasi terapeutik terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dengan nilai t = 9.463 p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), sikap dengan nilai t = 5.338 p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), keterampilan sesudah pendidikan dengan nilai t = 9.675 p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), dan keterampilan setelah 1 bulan dengan nilai t = 5.661 p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Meskipun demikian, jika keterampilan sesudah pendidikan dibandingkan dengan setelah 1 bulan, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai t = - 2.005 p = 0.052 (p > 0.05). Kesimpulan : Role play, penayangan VCD dan modul efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan sesudah pendidikan serta keterampilan setelah 1 bulan tentang komunikasi terapeutik, walaupun terjadi penurunan nilai rerata keterampilan setelah 1 bulan bila dibandingkan dengan sesudah pendidikan.

Background : Previous research found that 75% of one’s life was used for communication. Communication gives the meaning of life. More than half of the surgery clients was not satisfied with the preserved information. Client needs effective communication and social contact which was useful to obtained information. There was a lack of communication between nursing staff and client. Nurses communication style was focused on their duty. Their conversation tend to be short and could not exploitate client’s believe and anxiety. There was a research inhealth behavior trough education especially in therapeutic communication. Objective : This research was aimed to measure the effectiveness of role play, VCD playing and module in improving therapeutic communication skill of nursing student of STIKES Jenderal Ahmad Yani Yogyakarta. Method : This was a quasi experimental research that used non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest. The subject of the research was nursing student of STIKES Jenderal Ahmad Yani and Surya Global Yogyakarta. The intervention group was 42 students while control group was 51 students. The sample was taken with purposive sampling. The instrument being used was questionaire, check list of observation, video compact disc (VCD), module and role play scenario with a case example. The data collection was conducted by having structured interview and observation. The data was analyzed with independent t-test to measure the difference on knowledge, attitude and skill with significance level of p = 0.05 and paired t test. Result : This research showed that there was a significant influence on the therapeutic communication education toward improvement on knowledge with t = 9.463 and p = 0.000 (p < 0,05), attitude with t = 5.338 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), skill after education with t = 9.675 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and skill after one month with t = 5.661 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference on the skill after education and there was no significant difference after one month with t = -2.005 and p = 0.052 (p > 0.05). Conclusion : Role play, VCD playing and module were effective in improving knowledge, attitude and skill on therapeutic communication after given education and improving skill after 1 month and yet there was a decreasing on the average of skill value after 1 month compared with after given education.

Kata Kunci : Komunikasi terapeutik,Pengetahuan,Sikap,Keterampilan,Role play,VCD,Modul,therapeutic communication, knowledge, attitude, skill, role play, video compact disc, module