Evaluasi perencanaan dan ketersediaan obat di instalasi farmasi Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate

SUDIN, Rachmat, Dra. Siti Munawaroh, Apt, M.Kes

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Secara umum perencanaan obat di Kota Ternate belum dilaksanakan secara baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa fakta yang terjadi di lapangan ketika peneliti melakukan survey pendahuluan. Masih banyak ditemukan stok obat berlebih di puskesmas, tetapi pada sisi lain juga ada beberapa item obat mengalami kekurangan. Hingga saat ini di Kota Ternate belum ada Tim Perencanaan Obat Terpadu sehingga tugas perencanaan obat lebih banyak dikerjakan oleh petugas pengelola obat puskesmas lalu dimasukkan ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate. Perencanaan tersebut kemudian direkap masing-masing item obat yang akan diadakan, diseleksi lalu disesuaikan dengan alokasi anggaran yang disediakan oleh pemerintah daerah. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perencanaan dan ketersediaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate tahun 2005 – 2007. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang bersifat eksploratif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data kuantitatif melalui observasi dokumen di Dinas Kesehatan, Instalasi Farmasi, dan Puskesmas yang berada dalam wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate, dan data kualitatif berupa kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil Penelitian: Dengan menggunakan indikator perencanaan dan ketersediaan obat, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ketepatan perencanaan 3%, Tidak ada Tim Perencanaan Obat Terpadu, Kesesuaian item obat yang tersedia dengan DOEN 48,53% - 50,19%. Persentase stok obat kosong 7% - 8%. Persentase stok obat berlebih rata-rata pertahun 75%. Persentase stok obat mati rata-rata pertahun 0,71%. Ketersediaan obat sesuai kebutuhan antara 63,94% - 79,66%. Tingkat ketersediaan obat yang tergolong aman berkisar 0% - 28%. Persentase obat rusak atau kadaluarsa antara 18,18% - 40,40%. Nilai obat rusak atau kadaluarsa antara Rp. 40.355.639 – Rp. 124.965.301. Kesimpulan: Perencanaan kebutuhan obat yang dilakukan di Kota Ternate dalam kurun waktu 2005-2007 belum tepat, begitu juga dengan ketersediaan obatnya. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil pengukuran terhadap indikator perencanaan dan ketersediaan obat, diantaranya banyaknya obat yang berlebih tapi disisi lain masih banyak obat yang mengalami kekosongan.

Background: Drug planning at Ternate Municipality is not yet well-implemented. This is indicated from the preliminary survey carried out by the researcher. There are overstocks at the health center on the one hand, but there are some items of drugs lacking on the other. Until now there is no team of integrated drug planning at Ternate Municipality. Consequently the task of drug planning is carried out by staff of drug management at the health center and forwarded to Ternate Municipal Health Office. The planning is then compiled and each item of drugs selected is to be procured according to the budget allocated by the local government. Objective: The study aimed to get an overview of drug planning and availability at Pharmacy Installation of Ternate Municipal Health Office in 2005 – 2007. Method: The study was descriptive that used explorative approach. Quantitative data were obtained through observation of documents at the health office, pharmacy installation and the health centers at the working area of Ternate. Municipal Health Office and qualitative data were obtained through questionnaire and in-depth interview. Result: By using indicator of drug planning and availability, the result of the study showed that precision in planning was 3%. There was no team of integrated drug planning. Relevance of drug items available with National Essential Drug List was 48.53% - 50.19%. The percentage of drug available was 7% - 8%. The percentage of overstock a year in average was 75%. The percentage of dead stock a year in average was 0.71%. Availability of drugs relevant with needs was between 65.94% - 79.66%. Availability of drugs that belonged to secure category was 0% - 28%. The percentage of damaged or expired drugs was between 18.18% - 40.40%. The value of damaged or expired drugs was between Rp 40,355,639 – Rp 124,955,301. Conclusion: The planning of drugs needs and availability of drugs at Ternate Municipality in 2005 – 2007 were still relatively weak. This was indicated from the result of assessment on indicators of drug planning availability which showed that some drugs were overstocked but some others were unavailable.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi,Perencanaan,Ketersediaan obat,Kota Ternate,evaluation, drug availability, Ternate Municipality, drug planning, drug management