Evaluasi perencanaankebutuhan obat Kabupaten-Kota di Provinsi Maluku Utara
SUDARMI, Dra. I.M. Sunarsih, SU
2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar belakang: Anggaran obat di 4 Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Maluku Utara bersumber dari APBD II, tahun 2006 anggaran obat perkapita rata-rata Rp. 9.118 dan tahun 2007 Rp. 11.457 perkapita. Masih terdapat obat berlebih dan kurang, obat kosong dan obat mati sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang bagaimana perencanaan kebutuhan obatnya. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengevaluasi perencanaan kebutuhan obat tahun 2006 dan 2007, mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perencanaan kebutuhan obat, mengetahui proses perencanaan kebutuhan obat dan efisiensi perencanaan kebutuhan obat Metode penelitian: penelitian dirancang sebagai penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan cross sectional dan menggunakan data retrospektif di instalasi farmasi Kabupaten/Kota yang berada dalam lingkup Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Maluku Utara Hasil penelitian: Sumber Daya Manusia, sarana, dan anggaran obat yang tersedia tahun 2006-2007 masih kurang serta dalam proses perencanaan belum ada tim perencana obat terpadu. Efisiensi perencanaan obat dari 36 item obat indikator tahun 2006 dan 2007 yaitu: 1) Persentase anggaran obat 4 Kabupaten/Kota rata-rata 86% dan 93,5%, 2) Ketepatan perencanaan item obat rata-rata 98,12% dan 99,58%, 3) Kecukupan obat < 6 bulan rata-rata 58% dan 56,75%, antara 6-18 bulan rata-rata 22% dan 25,5%, > 18 bulan 20% dan 18,75%, 4) Obat berlebih 18% dan 17,96%, 5) Nilai stok kosong 18% dan 18,6%, 6) Stok mati 6,5% dan 3,41%, 7) Obat DOEN 85,99% dan 84,44%, 8) Obat rusak/kadaluarsa rata-rata 4,36% dan 3,23% Kesimpulan: Gambaran perencanaan kebutuhan obat di Instalasi Farmasi untuk 4 Kabupaten/Kota adalah: 1) Faktor yang mempengaruhi sebagai berikut: Sumber Daya Manusia dan sarana masih kurang, anggaran yang tersedia belum sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan, pola organisasi unit pengelola obat publik belum sesuai dengan pedoman, 2) Proses perencanaan kebutuhan belum dilaksanakan sesuai dengan pedoman, 3) Perencanaan belum efisien, karena perencanaan anggaran tidak sesuai jumlah anggaran yang dibutuhkan, masih banyak obat yang berlebih, kurang, obat mati, obat kosong dan obat rusak/kadaluarsa
Background: The drugs budget in 4 districts/municipality of North Maluku province was originated from APBD II, budget of drugs in the year of 2006 in average was Rp 9.188 per capita, and in the year of 2007 the average of drugs budget was Rp 11.457 per capita. There was over stock drugs, lack of drugs, empty drugs and dead stock drugs so that research on how to plan the drugs need is necessary. Objective: This research was aimed to evaluate the plan on drugs need in the year of 2006 and 2007, find out factors that could influence the plan on drugs need, as well as find out the process on drugs need planning as well as efficiency on drugs need planning. Method: This research was aimed to designed as descriptive analytic research that used explorative and retrospective data in the pharmaceutical installation in the district/municipality in the Provincial Health Office of North Maluku. Result: There was a lack of human resources, facility, lack of available drugs market in the year of 2006 – 2007 and there was no planning team on integrated drugs was accurred in the year 2006 and 2007 : 1). The average percentage of drugs badget in 4 districts was 86% and 93,5%, 2). The determination on average drugs item planning was 98,12 % and 99,58%, 3). The sufficiency of drugs < 6 months with average of 58% and 56,75%, drugs with sufficiency level of 6-18 months was with average of 22% and 25,5%, drugs >18 months was 20% and 18,75%, 4). Over stock drugs was 18% and 17,96%, 5). The value of empty stock was 18% and 18,6%, 6). Dead stock was 6,5% and 3,41%, 7). DOEN drugs was 85,99% and 84,44%, 8). Expired drugs was in average of 4,36% and 3,23% Conclusion: The planning requirement estimate of drugs need in the pharmaceutical instalation in 4 dictricts/municipalities: 1). Factors that influenced were: Lock of human resources and facilities, the avaolable budget was not yet suitable with the guidance, 2). Process on need planning was not yet suitable with the guidance, 3).The planning was was not yet efficient as budget planning was not yet suitable with the needed budget and planning the number of item, as well as the type of drugs was not yet suitable with the needed drugs, there were more over stock drugs, lack of drugs, dead stock drugs, empty drugs and damage/expired drugs.
Kata Kunci : Evaluasi,Perencanaan,Kebutuhan Obat Kabupaten,Kota, Evaluation, Planning, District/municipality drugs need
