Persepsi keluarga terhadap kemauan pemeriksaan dini penyakit demam berdarah dengue di Kota Banda Aceh

ZULHILMI, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan penyebarannya terjadi melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penyakit DBD merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius karena menjadi penyebab kesakitan dan kematian pada anak-anak dalam kurun waktu 10-15 tahun. Pada tahun 2007, kasus DBD di seluruh Indonesia telah mencapai 139.695 kasus dengan total meninggal mencapai 1.395 kematian. Jumlah kasus di Indonesia tertinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia Tenggara. Program pemberantasan sarang nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (PSN DBD) dianggap paling efektif dan efisien. Sampai saat ini, PSN DBD belum mampu menurunkan kasus DBD di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Banda Aceh. Pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD yang dilakukan keluarga diharapkan bisa menekan jumlah angka kesakitan dan kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit DBD. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi keluarga dengan kemauan pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD di Kota Banda Aceh. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara cluster random dan stratified random sampling di 2 kecamatan, yaitu di Kecamatan Baiturrahman dan Kecamatan Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh, dengan jumlah sampel 381 kepala keluarga. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil Penelitian : Ada hubungan antara umur, persepsi kerentanan, persepsi manfaat dan persepsi informasi pemeriksaan dengan kemauan pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD kecuali persepsi kerentanan terhadap penyakit DBD. Pengaruh variabel health belief model terhadap kemauan pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik ada pengaruh ketiga variabel bebas tersebut dengan odd ratio lebih dari 1,5. Pengaruh persepsi informasi pemeriksaan merupakan faktor dominan dalam melakukan kemauan pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD Kesimpulan : Kemauan pemeriksaan gejala dini penyakit DBD dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur, persepsi kerentanan, persepsi manfaat pemeriksaan dan persepsi informasi pemeriksaan. Untuk promosi kesehatan dalam mendukung program pencegahan penyakit DBD lebih ditekankan pada materi tentang informasi pemeriksaan dan manfaat pemeriksaan penyakit DBD

Background: Dengue hemorrhage fever (DHF) was caused by dengue virus and its transmission was caused by Aedes Aegypti mosquito’s bites. DHF disease is a serious health problem as it becomes the cause of mortality and morbidity of children aged 10 – 15 years old. In the year of 2007, the case of DHF in Indonesia was achieved up to 139.695 cases with total mortality of 1.395 case. The number of case in Indonesia was the highest compared to other countries in the South East Asia. Mosquito net control was considered as the most effective and efficient method. Nevertheless, it has not been able to decrease the case of DHF in Indonesia including in Banda Aceh up to this time. Indeed, the health examination on DHF that was done by family was expected could supress the number of mortality and morbidity rate. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the correlation between family’s perception and willingness to have health examination on early symptom of DHF in Banda Aceh municipality. Method: This was an observational research that used cross sectional design. The sample was taken by cluster random and stratified random sampling in two sub districts, that were sub district of Baiturrahman and Kuta Alam in Banda Aceh municipality with the number of sample was 381 head of families. Data analysis was using univariat and bivariat analysis with chi square and multivariat analysis with logistic regression test. Result: There was a correlation between age, perception on early symptom examination benefit, perception about susceptibility and perception on examination information with willingness to have examination on early symptom of DHF disease except vulnerability perception toward DHF disease. The influence on health belief variable toward the willingness on having health examination of early symptom of DHF disease showed that there was a significant influence on the three independent variables with odd ratio was more than 1.5. The influence on health examination of information perception was the dominant factor in having willingness to have health examination on early symptom of DHF disease. Conclusion: The willingness to have health examination on early symptom of DHF disease was influenced by factor of age, perception on health examination benefit and perception on the information of DHF disease health examination. Indeed, the health promotion to support DHF disease prevention could be more addressed on the material of health examination information and benefit of DHF disease examination.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi,DBD,Pemeriksaan gejala dini, Perception, DHF, early symptom health examination