Motivasi kader dalam penemuan penderita TB paru di Kabupaten Barito Kuala

HASANUDDIN, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Penyakit TB paru di Indonesia merupakan penyebab kematian ke 3 terbesar setelah penyakit kardiovaskuler dan penyakit saluran pernapasan. Angka prevalensi penderita TB paru di Kabupaten Barito Kuala sebesar 0,12% dari total penduduk. Angka tersebut lebih tinggi dari rata-rata di Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, yakni sebesar 0,102%. Angka penemuan penderita TB paru positif di Kabupaten Barito Kuala hanya mencapai 57,6%, lebih rendah dari target yang ditetapkan sebesar 70%. Penjaringan suspect penderita TB paru dilaksanakan pada mereka yang datang berobat ke unit pelayanan kesehatan. Selain petugas TB paru puskesmas, motivasi dan peran kader secara aktif dalam penemuan penderita TB paru sangatlah menentukan dalam meningkatkan angka cakupan penemuan suspect TB paru. Tujuan penelitian : Mengetahui dan mengkaji motivasi serta berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi kader dalam penemuan penderita TB paru, dan mengkaji faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi motivasi kader dalam penemuan penderita TB paru. Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Subjek penelitian adalah total populasi kader yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan secara sederhana dalam penemuan penderita TB paru. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi Pearson product moment, t-test, one way anova dan regresi linier ganda. Hasil penelitian : 1) Ada hubungan bermakna antara karakteristik kader dengan motivasi kader, 2) Ada hubungan bermakna antara Imbalan/reward dengan motivasi kader, 3) Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pembinaan kader dengan motivasi kader, dan 4) Ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan motivasi kader. Masa tugas, pendidikan dan pengetahuan kader secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap motivasi kader dalam penemuan penderita TB paru. Kesimpulan : Puskesmas perlu kiranya menjalin hubungan yang baik, yakni dengan melalui pembinaan yang rutin dan terjadwal terhadap kader. Imbalan/reward yang diberikan sebaiknya diperioritaskan pada kader baru Selain itu, karakteristik kader juga mempengaruhi motivasi kader dalam penemuan penderita TB paru

Background: In Indonesia lung TB is the third major cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory tract disease. The prevalence of lung TB at District of Barito Kuala is 0.12% of total population. This figure is higher than the average figure at the Province of Kalimantan Selatan, i.e. 0.102%. Detection rate of positive lung TB patients at District of Barito Kuala is 57.6%, lower than the target of 70% specified. The identification of suspect of lung TB patients is carried out to those visiting health service units. Apart from lung TB staff at the health center, motivation and active role of cadres in the detection of lung TB patients greatly determine the increase of lung TB suspect detection coverage. Objective: To identify and evaluate motivation and factors affecting motivation of cadres in the detection of lung TB patients and assess factors dominantly affecting motivation of cadres in the detection of lung TB patients. Method: This was a quantitative observational study with cross sectional design. It was carried out at 10 subdistricts of Barito Kuala. Subject consisted of total population of cadres that had participated in training on simple detection of lung TB patients. Data analysis used Pearson product moment correlation, t-test, one way anova and double linear regression. Result: 1) There was significant relationship between characteristics and motivation of cadres; 2) There was significant relationship between reward and motivation of cadres; 3) There was no significant relationship between supervision and motivation of cadres; and 4) There was significant relationship between knowledge and motivation of cadres. Duration of occupation, education and knowledge all together affected motivation of cadres in the detection of lung TB patients. Conclusion: There was lack of supervision/direction from staff of health center to cadres in efforts to improve motivation of cadres in the detection of lung TB patients. Rewards expected by cadres were not only in the non material form but also money in order that they had higher motivation in doing their job. Besides, characteristics of cadres also affected their motivation in the detection of lung TB patients.

Kata Kunci : Tuberkulosis paru,Kader,Motivasi, lung tuberculosis, cadres, motivation