Penyakit periodontol sebagai faktor risiko kelahiran preterm di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

BUSRIL, Prof. dr. Djaswadi D, SpOG(K), MPH, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Insiden kelahiran preterm dinegara maju masih tinggi. Di Canada insidennya terus mengalami peningkatan, pada tahun 1991 masih 6,6 per 100 kelahiran hidup, sedangkan tahun 2000 meningkat jadi 7,7 per 100 kelahiran hidup. Di negara berkembang seperti di Tanzania prevalensinya sekitar 12%, sedangkan di Indonesia sekitar 18,5 %. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan ada hubungan antara penyakit periodontal yang diderita ibu semasa hamil dengan kejadian kelahiran preterm, tapi belum banyak penelitian yang menyatakan secara jelas bagaimana hubungan antara infeksi periodontal dengan terjadinya kelahiran preterm. Tujuan: Mengetahui berapa besar risiko penyakit periodontal terhadap terjadinya kelahiran preterm. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan unmatched case control study. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari kelompok kasus sebanyak 139 dan kontrol sebanyak 139, dengan perbandingan 1:1. Analisis data terdiri analisis univariabel menggunakan distribusi frekwensi, analisis bivariabel dilakukan dengan uji statistik Chi-square pada tingkat kemaknaan p<0.05, 95%CI, analisis stratifikasi serta analisis multivariabel menggunakan analisis regresi logistic. Hasil: Ibu melahirkan preterm mengalami 1,9 kali lebih banyak kehilangan jaringan pendukung gigi (attachment loss) dibandingkan dengan kelahiran aterm (95%CI;1,11-3,22). Faktor risiko lain yang berperan terhadap terjadinya kelahiran preterm adalah usia ibu, ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan. Kesimpulan: Ibu melahirkan preterm lebih banyak mengalami attachment loss dibandingkan kelahiran aterm. Usia ibu, ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan secara independen mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kelahiran preterm.

Background: The incidence of preterm delivery in developed countries is stil high. Fact says that there was an increased incidence of preterm delivery in Canada from 6.6 per 100 live births in 1999 to 7.7 per 100 live births in 2000. The rate of preterm delivery in developing countries is considered high, such as Tanzania with 12% and Indonesia with 18.5%. In fact, some studies state that there has been a relationship between periodontal disease presented in women during pregnancy and the increased incidence of preterm delivery. However, those studies have not clearly mentioned about the relatioship between periodonatal infection and the incidence of preterm delivery. Objective: To study the risk rate of periodontal disease toward preterm delivery. Method: This was an observational study with unmatched case control study design. Subjects comprised two groups namely case group (139) and control group (139) with comparison of 1:1. The obtained data were analyzed with univariable analysis using frequency distribution, bivariable analysis using chi-square test with p<0.05, 95% CI, stratification analysis, and multivariable analysis using logistic regression. Results: Women with preterm delivery were 1.9 times greater to experience dental attachment loss than women with aterm delivery (95%CI;1.15-3.19). Other factors affecting the incidence of preterm delivery were women’s age, economic status, and women’s education. Conclusion: Women with preterm delivery would be greater to experience attachment loss than women with aterm delivery. Women’s age, economic status, and women’s education were significantly related to preterm delivery.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Periodontal,Kelahiran preterm, Periodontal disease, preterm delivery