Analisis status ekonomi sebagai salah satu faktor risiko pengambilan keputusan menikah usia dini remaja puteri di Kecamatan Nglipar Kabupaten Gunungkidul

SURYANINGRUM, Muktiani Asrie, Prof. dr. Djaswadi D, SpOG(K), MPH, PhD

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Pernikahan dini banyak terjadi pada masyarakat pedesaan dan merupakan persoalan yang serius bagi kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Median usia kawin pertama pedesaan di Indonesia 17,9 tahun. Perempuan yang menikah ≤16 tahun di Kabupaten Gunungkidul sebesar 14,29%. Pernikahan di bawah usia 20 tahun di Kecamatan Nglipar dari tahun ke tahun cukup tinggi, pada tahun 2007 mencapai 30%, yang merupakan kasus tertinggi diantara kecamatan yang lainnya. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa pernikahan dini erat hubungannya dengan kemiskinan yang ditandai pendapatan yang rendah, pendidikan yang rendah, demografi, budaya, hukum dan peraturan setempat. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi usia pernikahan dan faktor penyebab terjadinya pernikahan dini dengan melihat status ekonomi keluarga dan faktor sosial demografi di Kecamatan Nglipar Kabupaten GunungKidul. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan unmatched case control study. Responden dipilih secara puposive sampling dari daftar wanita menikah tahun 2007 sebanyak 50 kasus dan 50 kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner tertutup. Data kualitatif yang didapatkan melalui indept interview digunakan untuk melengkapi data kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan distribusi frekuensi, dilanjutkan analisis chi-square (c²(simbol)) untuk melihat kekuatan hubungan variabel dependen dan independen serta variabel luar serta analisis multiavariabel dengan Logistic Regression. Hasil Penelitian: Status ekonomi keluarga mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dengan usia pernikahan (OR=3,1; 95%CI=1,23-7,84; p=0,00). Status ekonomi keluarga yang rendah berisiko terjadinya pernikahan dini dibandingkan pernikahan tidak dini. Pendidikan orang tua dan pekerjaan orang tua terbukti mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan menikah dini. Jumlah saudara kandung dan persepsi orang tua tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan menikah dini. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status ekonomi keluarga, pendidikan orang tua dan pekerjaan orang tua dengan menikah dini. Variabel jumlah saudara kandung dan persepsi orang tua tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan menikah dini.

Background: Early marriage is commonly practiced by people in villages or in traditional settings and very serious problem toward the adolescents’ reproductive health. According to the research conducted in villages, the median age of the first marriage in Indonesia is 17.9 years old. In fact, female adolescents ≤16 years of age in Gunungkidul District who practiced early married were 14.29%. The incidence of marriage under the age of 20 years in Nglipar sub-district is increasing, proven with the number of early marriage in the sub-district that reached 30% in 2007 which was considered as the highest rate among sub-districts in Gunungkidul District. Some studies have shown that early marriage is closely related to poverty marked with low income, low education, demography, culture, and local culture and laws. Objective: To identify the age of marriage and causal factors of early marriage by observing family’s economic status and socio-demographic factors in Nglipar sub-district, Gunungkidul District. Method: This was an observational study with an unmatched case control study design. Respondents were selected with purposive sampling from the list of women who got married in 2007 with 50 persons as case and 50 persons as control. Data were gathered through closed questionnaire. The qualitative obtained from indepth interview were used to complete the quantitative data. Descriptive analysis was carried out with frequency distribution, followed by chi-square (c²(symbol)) analysis to see the relationship strength of dependent variable, independent variable and extraneous variables. Multivariable analysis was also conducted using logistic regression. Results: Family’s economic status (p<0.05) was significantly related to the age of marriage (OR=3,1; 95%CI=1.23-7.84; p=0.00). Family’s low economic status gave a greater risk of practicing early marriage. In addition, parents’ education and occupation were proven to be significantly related to early marriage. Meanwhile, number of siblings and parents’ perception were insignificantly related to early marriage. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between family’s economic status, parents’ education, and parents’ occupation and early marriage. Meanwhile, number of siblings and parents’ perception were insignificantly related to early marriage

Kata Kunci : Pernikahan usia dini,Status ekonomi, Early marriage, family’s economic status