Risk factors of hepatitis B among blood donors in Timor Leste
SILVA, Hendriketa Da, Prof. dr. Ali Ghufron Mukti, M.Sc., Ph.D
2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Negara berkembang dan telah menginfeksi lebih dari 350 juta orang didunia dan 78% di Asia Tenggara.Penularan HBV terjadi karena adanya paparan darah atau cairan tubuh dari orang yang terinfeksi. Hasil screening HBsAg pada pendonor darah di Timor Leste dalam waktu 5 tahun terakhir mengalami kecenderungan meningkat 9,47%. Tujuan: dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis B pada pendonor darah di Timor Leste. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Penelitian dilakukan di bank darah di seluruh rumahsakit yang ada di Timor Leste yang terdiri dari Dili, Baucau, Ainaro, Suai, Maliana, dan Oecusi. Variabel dependen adalah status infeksi hepatitis B yang didahului dengan pemeriksaan darah vena oleh petugas laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode Exym dan rapid test. Sedangkan variable independen adalah riwayat transfusi darah, Penggunaan jarum suntik secara`bergantian, pembuatan tato permanent, tindik, akupuntur, dan anggota keluarga yang mendedrita hepatitis, menggunakan sikat gigi dan alat cukur bergantian dan hubungan sex dengan bukan suami /istri > 1 orang. Instrument penggumpulan data yang digunakan adalah buku rekam medik dan kuesioner. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat/ bivariat dan multivariate, untuk estimasi besarnya factor resiko terhadap kejadian hepatitis B ditentukan dengna Odd Ratio (OR); wawancara dilakukan pada responden dengan hasil hepatitis B positif dan control sebanding. Besarnya sampel adalah: 174 responden. Analisa data dilakukan Chi square dan logistic regression. Hasil: Dari hasil analisis Univariat dan biavariat menunjukkan bahwa factor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis B adalaha: Tato Permanen (OR = 2,996), Terapi akupuntur (OR= 2,586), Jarum suntik (OR= 3,279), Hubungan bukan suami istri (OR=2,365), Perawatan gigi (OR= 3,193). Kesimpulan: Deskripsi semua variable penelitian (Variable bebas) yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Hepatitis B di Timor Leste secara signifikan adalah: factor Tato permanen, Terapi akupuntur, jarum suntik hubungan bukan suami/ istri, dan perawatan gigi.
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) poses a serious problem in most developing countries and has infected more than 350 million people worldwide and 78% of whom are in Asia. Infection of HBV can occur due to the transmission of any liquid or discharge coming from an infected person. The results of HBsAg screening among the blood donors in Timor-Leste during the past five years tend to be increasing, reaching 9.47%. Objective: To determine factors related to the incidence of Hepatitis B among blood donors in Timor-Leste. Method: This was an observational study with a case-control study design. The study was conducted at blood banks of several hospitals in Timor-Leste comprising Dili, Baucau, Ainaro, Suai, Malina, and Oecusse Hospitals. The samples were 174 respondents. The dependent variable was Hepatitis B infection preceded with the examination of venous blood performed by laboratory officers using Exsym method and rapid testing. Meanwhile, the independent variables were history of blood transfusion, use of hypodermic needles, making of permanent tattoo, acupuncture therapy, family member with Hepatitis B, shared or collective use of shaving razor, shared or collective use of toothbrush, and non marital sexual intercourse with more than one partner. The data of this study were obtained from medical record books and questionnaire. The data were then analyzed with univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression along with Odds ratio (OR) to estimate the level of risk factors of the incidence of Hepatitis B. In addition, the interview was carried out with the respondents who had positive Hepatitis B as cases and the respondents as controls were selected proportionally. Results: From the results of bivariate and multivariate analyses, it was indicated that risk factors related to the incidence of Hepatitis B were permanent tattoo (OR = 2.996), acupuncture therapy (OR = 2.586), the use of needle or syringe (OR = 3.279, non marital sexual intercourse (OR = 2.365), and dental care (OR = 3.193). Conclusion: The independent variables which had a significant relationship with Hepatitis B in Timor-Leste were permanent tattoo, acupuncture therapy, the shared use of needles or syringes, non marital sexual intercourse and dental care.
Kata Kunci : Hepatitis B,Pendonor darah,Timor Leste,Hepatitis B,Blood Donor
