Faktor-faktor kejadian hipertensi pada perempuan usia 20-50 tahun di Kota Bengkulu

MISTI, Prof. Dr. dr. H. Ahmad Husain Asdie, SpPD-KE

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Hipertensi di Indonesia rata-rata meliputi 17% - 21% dari keseluruhan populasi orang dewasa artinya, 1 di antara 5 orang dewasa menderita hipertensi. Penderita hipertensi lebih banyak pada, perempuan yaitu 37% dari pada laki-laki hanya 28%. Jumlah penduduk Kota Bengkulu tahu 2007 sebanyak 270.080 jiwa yang terdiri dari 133.564 orang laki-laki dan 136.516 orang perempuan. Berdasarkan hasi Riskesdas 2007, dari 136.516 orang perempuan sebanyak 11,3% dari hasil pengukuran indeks massa tubuh (IMT) adalah obesitas dan kurang melakukan aktifitas fisik sebanyak 62,7% serta dalam keadaan tidak stabil atau stress sebanyak 8,6%. Prevalensi penyakit hipertensi di Kota Bengkulu cenderung meningkat, tahun 2005 prevalensi sebesar 1,7% (6.098) meningkat menjadi 2,6% (7.244) pada tahun 2006 dan tahun 2007 sebanyak 2,6% (7.514). Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pada wanita usia 20-50 tahun di Kota Bengkulu. Metodologi : Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian Case Control Study, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 266 dengan perbandingan kasus dan kontrol 1 : 1. Analisis dilakukan secara bivariat dan multiple logistic regression. Hasil : Hasil analisis bivariat obesitas menunjukkan nilai odds ratio 2,563 dan nilai p =0,001. Stress OR = 2,73 dan nilai p<0,000. Aktifitas fisik menunjukkan OR = 1,436 dan nilai p=0,141. Konsumsi garam menunjukkan OR=2,689 dan nilai p=0,005. Minum kopi mempunyai OR=1,622 dan nilai p= 0,050. Penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal menunjukkan OR=1,702 dan nilai p=0,034. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan konsumsi garam p=0,009 dengan nilai Exp.(B)=2,751. Stress p=0,001 dengan nilai Exp.(B)=2,532. Obesitas p=0,002 dengan nilai Exp.(B)=2,457. Minum kopi p=0,033 dengan nilai Exp.(B)=1,762 Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada wanita usia 20-50 tahun di Kota Bengkulu adalah konsumsi garam, stress, obesitas dan minum kopi.

Background: The mean of the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia is about 17% - 21% from the total adult population, meaning that 1 out of 5 adult people suffer from hypertension. Studies have shown that women (37%) are more likely to present hypertension than men (28%). The number of population in Bengkulu municipality in 2007 was 270.080 people consisting of 133.564 men and 136.516 women. According to the results of Riskesdas in 2007, of 136.516 women in Bengkulu municipality, 11.3% women based on the measure of Body Mass Index (BMI) were categorized as obesity, 62.7% women were lack of physical activities, and 8.6% women were in the unstable state or esperiencing stress. In fact, the prevalence of hypertension in Bengkulu municipality tends to be increasing, proven by the increased prevalence from 1.7% (6.098) in 2005 to 2.6% (7.244) in 2006 and in 2007 it reached 2.6% (7.514). Objective: To study the risk factors of the incidence of hypertension among women 20-50 years of age in Bengkulu municipality. Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control study design. Samples were 266 persons with the comparison between case and control of 1 : 1. Data were analized using bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression. Results: The results of bivariate analysis showed that the obesity had odds ratio (OR) 2.563 and p = 0.001; stress had OR = 2.73 and p < 0.000; physical activities had OR = 1.436 and p=0.141; natrium consumption had OR=2.689 and p=0.005; coffee consumption had OR=1.622 and p= 0.050; and, the use of hormonal contraceptive had OR=1.702 and p=0.034. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed that natrium consumption had p = 0.009 with the value of Exp. (B) = 2.751; stress had p=0.001 with the value of Exp. (B) = 2.532; obesity had p = 0.002 with the value of Exp. (B) = 2.457; and, consuming coffee had p = 0.033 with the value of Exp. (B) = 1.762. Conclusion: Risk factors related to the incidence of hypertension among women 20-50 years of age in Bengkulu municipality were natrium consumption, stress, obesity and coffee consumption.

Kata Kunci : Hipertensi wanita usia 20,50 tahun,Obesitas,Stress,Aktifitas fisik,Minum kopi,Konsumsi garam dan alkon hormonal,Hipertension, women 20-50 years of age, obesity, stress, physical activities, coffee consumption, natrium consumption, hormonal contraceptive