Analisis distribusi dan mutu mete gelondongan (Annacardium occidentale L) di Kecamatan Fatuleu, Kabupaten Kupang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

MARTHINA Pa, Syaloomi, Prof. Dr. Ir. Purnama Darmadji, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sistem budidaya, pasca panen, dan pemasaran dalam kaitannya dengan mutu mete, menganalisis distribusi dan mutu mete di setiap jalur distribusi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui survey dan analisa mutu mete gelondongan. Survey menggunakan kuesioner. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive random dan analisa mutu di laboratorium yang meliputi analisa fisik, sifat-sifat kimia mete gelondong dari petani, pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa petani belum menerapkan sistem budidaya dan pasca panen dengan benar. Pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang besar belum melakukan pengolahan sesuai standar mutu yang ditetapkan. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan (P < 5%) mutu mete, di tingkat petani kadar air mete gelondongan (14,70%), pedagang pengumpul (13,96%), dan pada pedagang besar (12,49%). Tidak ada perbedaan nyata berat biji, jumlah biji per 500 gr ditiap jalur distribusi. Hama/penyakit, biji berbau busuk, berbau asam, bau kapang, dan bau asing lainnya, biji tercemar CNSL dan tercemar bahan kimia lainnya seperti sisa pupuk, insektisida atau fungisida tidak ditemukan disetiap jalur distribusi. Sistem pemasaran mete gelondongan tergolong efisien dari analisis distribusi mete gelondongan menunjukan bahwa pada sistem distribusi share harga yang diterima petani 62,50% (Rp. 5.000,-) lebih besar dari marjin pemasarannya yaitu 37,50% (Rp. 3.000,-). Namun pada ketiga jalur distribusi yang ada belum mememenuhi standar mutu mete ge londongan di Indonesia.

The objective of this research was to study cultivation, post- harvest, and marketing aspects in related to raw chasew nut quality and to analyze the distribution and quality of raw chasew nut in distribution lines. Research was conducted throught survey and laboratory test, survey by using quetionnaires. Samples were taken by using purposive random, and laboratory test was performed to analyze physical and chemical properties of raw chasew nut from farmers, medium collector traders, great collector trader. Results of research showed that at the farmer and trader level, problems had been still found yet. Cultivation system and post harvest handling had not been performed based on quality oriented. Medium collector and great collector trader had not implemented proper handling as quality of standart. There was significant difference (p < 0,05) quality of raw chasew nut, at farmer (14,70%), medium collector (13,96%), and great collector trader (12,49%) respectively; There was not significant different between distribution line on density of equal, per 500 g between 88 - 112 nuts, pest/diseases, foul, acid or other odors, contaminated by CNSL had not been found at the distribution lines. Raw chasew nut that are process by farmers, medium collector traders and great collector trader still low in quality. Analyze of distribution of raw chasew nut showed that the distribution lines gives prices share about 62,50% (Rp.5.000,-) and margin share about 37,50% (Rp. 3.000,-). It was conclude that the distribution system of raw chasew nut in Fatuleu Sub District, Kupang district of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province is efficient. However, the quality of raw chasew nut at each distribution line has not meet with The Indonesia National Standart of Raw Chasew Nut.

Kata Kunci : Mete gelondongan,Distribusi,Kualitas, raw chasew nut, distribution line, quality