Pengaruh peran masyarakat terhadap pengembangan hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Cangkringan Sleman-Yogyakarta

WARSIYAH, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Djoko Marsono

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Hutan rakyat Kecamatan Cangkringan memiliki fungsi sebagai wilayah konservasi daerah tangkapan air, pendidikan dan pariwisata. Masyarakat sebagai potensi sumber daya manusia yang berada di sekitar hutan rakyat dinilai memiliki pengaruh sangat besar terhadap kawasan konservasi ini. Masyarakat petani di Kecamatan Cangkringan selama ini hanya mengandalkan kemampuannya dalam menggarap hutan rakyat di kawasan konservasi, maka sebenarnya masyarakat belumlah cuk up untuk meningkatkan perekonomiannya. Maka dengan itu masih diperlukan pembekalan kemampuan bagi masyarakat dengan mengikuti berbagai ketrampilan/pelatihan baik untuk meningkatkan hasil hutan rakyat ataupun usaha lainnya di luar kawasan konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui potensi sumber daya manusia di sekitar hutan rakyat; (2) mengetahui peran masyarakat dalam mengelola hutan rakyat; (3) memberikan alternatif strategi pengelolaan berdasarkan potensi sumber daya manusia yang ada. Pengaruh peran masyarakat desa di sekitar hutan rakyat diamati dari tiga segi yaitu : dalam hal penghasilan dari kawasan hutan rakyat, pembuatan keputusan kegiatan, dan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi ganda. Pengambilan sampel, masing-masing desa, responden diambil secara acak dari anggota masyarakat desa yang bersangkutan mengelola hutan rakyat. Sedangkan analisis deskriptif dengan metode SWOL (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Limitation) pada setiap desa. Pengambilan data dengan kuesioner, dan dengan menggunakan petak ukur (pengamatan keberhasilan tanaman). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat potensi sumber daya manusia petani pengelola hutan rakyat di Desa Glagaharjo dengan jarak terdekat, Desa Kepuharjo sebagai desa dengan jarak terjauh, Desa Wukirsari dengan jarak menengah. Rata-rata peran masyarakat desa Glagaharjo dari penghasilan hutan rakyat sebesar Rp. 7.106.087 /tahun, Kepuharjo sebesar Rp. 6.390.000 / tahun, dan Wukirsari sebesar Rp. 5.838.260 /tahun. Sumbangan kesebelas variabel ratarata desa Glagaharjo 55,8 %, Kepuharjo 63,9 % dan Wukirsari 69,1 %. Rata-rata pengambilan keputusan kegiatan pada masyarakat Glagaharjo sebanyak 4,17 kali /tahun, Kepuharjo 2,70 kali /tahun, dan Wukirsari 3,22 kali /tahun. Dan implementasi kegiatan pengelolaan di hutan rakyat untuk desa Glagahrajo sebesar 4,39 kali /tahun, desa Kepuharjo sebesar 3,22 kali/tahun dan desa Wukirsai sebesar 3,30 kali/tahun. Hasil pengamatan keberhasilan tanaman menunjukkan bahwa yang paling baik ha silnya di desa Glagaharjo dibandingkan dengan desa Kepuharjo dan Desa Wukirsari. Karena letak desa Glagaharjo di dataran yang paling tinggi. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan pada- masyarakat tiap desa yaitu masih diperlukannya peningkatan keterampilan selain bertani seperti pelatihan pengelolaan ternak, pemilihan jenis tanaman, pembibitan tanaman dengan kualitas baik.

Community forest in Cangkringan sub district functions as conservation of catchments area, education, and tourism. Community as the potential of human resource living in the surrounding forest area has an influential role toward this conservation area. The farmers in Cangkringan sub district has only relied their ability on cultivating this community forest so that it does not somehow fulfill their economy. Therefore, programs to equip community to increase their community forest products or other businesses outside the community forest area are still needed. This study aims at (1) investigating the potential of human resource around the community forest area; (2) investigating the community’s role in cultivating the community forest; and (3) giving management strategic alternatives based on the potential of human resource availability. The influence of the role of the community living around the community forest were observed from three sides, that is, in terms of income obtained from the community forest, activity decision making, and activity implementation. Data were analyzed using multi regression analysis. Samples were collected from each village and respondents were selected randomly from the related members of community that got involved in the management of community forest. Meanwhile, descriptive analysis employed a method of SWOL (Strength, Weakness, opportunity, Limitation) in each village. Data were taken through questionnaire and plot (observation on plant success). The results showed that there was potential of human resource as farmers that cultivated the community forest in Glagaharjo village with nearest distance, Kepuharjo village as the farthest distance, and Wukirsari village as the moderate distance. The mean of community’s role in Glagaharjo village from the community forest income was Rp. 7,106,087/year, Kepuharjo village was Rp. 6,390,000/year, and Wukirsari village was 5,838,260/year. The mean contribution of eleven variables in Glagaharjo village was 55.8%, Kepuharjo village was 63.9% and Wukirsari village was 69.1%. The mean of activity decision making in Glagaharjo community was 4.17 times/year, Kepuharjo community was 4.17 times/year, and Wukirsari community was 3.22 times/year. Lastly, the implementation of management activity in the community forest for Glagaharjo was 4.39 times/year, Kepuharjo was 3.22 times/year, and Wukirsari was 3.30 times/year. Observation result of plant success showed that Glagaharjo village had better results compared with Kepuharjo and Wukirsari villages because Glagaharjo village is located in the lowest part of the plain. The management strategic alternatives in each village were that skill training improvement outside farming field was still needed such as cattle management training, choosing of plant types, and good quality seeding.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan peran masyarakat,Hutan rakyat,Kecamatan Cangkringan,Jarak lokasi desa, management of community’s role, community forest in Cangkringan sub district, the distance of village site