Kinerja sektor pertanian di Propinsi Riau sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah

WIRYAMARTA, Fahmi, Dr. Ir. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, M.Ec

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

Pertanian berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian daerah, yang dapat diukur melalui peningkatan nilai Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Propinsi dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah PDRB Propinsi Riau dan PDB Nasional Menurut Lapangan Usaha Atas Dasar Harga Konstan (ADHK) 2000 periode Tahun 1999-2006. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share dan Klassen Typology. Berdasarkan hasil Analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Propinsi Riau memiliki 2 sektor basis, yaitu : sektor pertanian, dan sektor pertambangan dan penggalian. Adapun sektor non basis di Propinsi Riau adalah : sektor bangunan, sektor pengangkutan dan komunikasi, sektor jasa-jasa, sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, sektor industri dan pengolahan, sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih, dan sektor keuangan, persewaan dan jasa perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Shift Share menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional (Nij) membawa pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian di Propinsi Riau sebesar Rp. 25.625.779,11 juta. Dampak Pergeseran proporsional atau bauran industri (Mij) menunjukkan bahwa delapan sektor berdampak positif dan satu sektor berdampak negatif dengan nilai total sebesar Rp.17.124.611,12 juta. Tingkat kompetitif sektor (Cij) menunjukkan bahwa delapan sektor memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dengan total nilai Rp. 5.753.871,82 juta. Dampak total bauran ekonomi Nasional terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Propinsi Riau (Dij) menunjukkan semua sektor ekonomi di Propinsi Riau mengalami pertumbuhan yang positif sebesar Rp. 48.504.262,05 juta. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Klassen Typology menunjukkan bahwa Propinsi Riau memiliki dua sektor maju dan tumbuh cepat, yaitu ; sektor pertanian, dan sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, empat sektor sedang tumbuh, yaitu : sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, sektor jasa-jasa, sektor bangunan, dan sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih. Adapun tiga sektor yang relatif tertinggal, yaitu : sektor industri dan pengolahan, sektor keuangan, persewaan dan jasa perusahaan, dan sektor pengangkutan dan komunikasi.

Agriculture played an important role to increase the economic region, that can to measure by increased value of Province Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This research applied descriptive analysis method. By using data from Gross Regional Domestic Product of Riau Province and National Gross Domestic Product at 2000 Constant Market Prices based on Industrial Origin in period 1999-2006. The analysis that use with Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share and Klassen Typology. Based on analysis Location Quotient, Riau Province had two basic sector, are : agriculture sector, mining and quarrying sector. As regards non basic sector had seven, are : manufacturing industries sector, electricity, gas and water supply sector, construction sector, trade, hotel and restaurant sector, transportation and communication sector, finance, rent of buildings and business services sector, and services sector. Based on result of Shift Share analysis, national economic growth (Nij) gives positive effects to increase economic growth of Riau Province 25.625.779,11 million rupiahs. The proportional shift or industrial mix (Mij) had eight positive effect and one negative effect by interaction with others by total value 17.124.611,12 million rupiahs. The level competitive sector (Cij) indicated eight sector had competitive advantages by total value 5.753.871,82 million rupiahs. The total effect of national mix economic to economic growth of Riau Province (Dij) indicated in positive effect to all economic sectors of Riau Province to 48.504.262,05 million rupiahs. Based on result of Klassen Typology analysis, indicated of Riau Province had two sectors in rapid growth region, are ; agriculture sector, mining and quarrying sector ; are : four sectors in growing region, are : trade, hotel and restaurant sector ; services sector, construction sector ; and electricity, gas and water supply sector. Even though three sectors in relatively backward region, are : manufacturing industries sector, transportation and communication sector, finance, rent of buildings and business services sector.

Kata Kunci : Sektor basis,PDRB,PDB,Location quotient (LQ),Shift share,Klassen typology, Basic Sector, GRDP, GDP, Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share and Klassen Typology