Analisis ekonomi pemanfaatan bahan bakar alternatif pada pengovenan tembakau Virginia di Kabupaten Lombok Timur

SETIAWATI, Lili Diana, Dr. Jamhari, SP., MP

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

Tembakau memiliki kontribusi yang besar bagi perekonomian Indonesia dalam hal penyerapan tenaga kerja dan peningkatan pendapatan dari tahun ke tahun. GATT mengharuskan setiap negara membuat peraturan termasuk penghapusan subsidi bahan bakar. Bisnis tembakau Virginia membutuhkan bahan bakar dalam pengeringan tembakau agar dapat menghasilkan tembakau kering yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usahatani tembakau menggunakan bahan bakar kayu, bensin bersubsidi dan tidak bersubsidi, LPG dan batu bara. Hal tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu petani untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang penggunaan bahan bakar alternatif, khususnya di kabupaten Lombok Timur. Data didapatkan dari interview 30 responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kemudian data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis NPV, BCR, IRR dan analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan bakar yang paling layak digunakan adalah batu bara jika dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar yang lain. Dengan menggunakan batu bara didapatkan NPV = Rp. 87.198,175; BCR = 1,43; IRR = 63,08%. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan pengolahan dengan menggunakan batubara masih tetap layak meskipun harga batu bara naik sampai dengan 220%.

Tobacco commodity has great contribution to Indonesian economy in term of manpower absorbed and revenue from duty that continuously increase from year to year. The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) require each country to make trade deregulation that include removing fuel subsidy. Virginia tobacco farm business requires greatly fuel for oven-drying to make flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, it requires analysis on prospective fuel. The research has objective to analyze feasibility of tobacco farm business using fuel from firewood, subsidized kerosene, non-subsidized kerosene, LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) and coal. It is expected that farmer get view on prospective alternative fuels for Virginia tobacco farm, particularly in Western Lesser Sunda province. Then, it compared fuel price sensitivity to feasibility of Virginia tobacco farm. The research was conducted in East Lombok regency in Western Lesser Sunda province. Structured interview was done with farmer sample consisting of 30 respondents using questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Net present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Sensitivity Analysis. The results indicated that coal is prospective fuel because cost of dried tobacco using coal of Rp 20,573 is almost same as one using subsidized kerosene; coal NPV is Rp 87,198,175: BCR=1.43; IRR=63.08%. Sensitivity rate when government increase coal price of 220% is still feasible to run the farm compared with other alternative fuel.

Kata Kunci : Tembakau virginia,Usahatani,Analisis ekonomi, Virginia tobacco, farm business, economic analysis