Kajian penularan dan respons ketahanan berbagai varietas tomat terhadap tomato infectious chlorosis virus

AMIR, Dr. Ir. Sedyo Hartono, MP

2009 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

Penyakit dengan gejala daun menguning pada tanaman tanaman tomat di Magelang, Jawa Tengah telah teridentifikasi sebagai suatu spesies Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), anggota Genus Crinivirus, Famili Closteroviridae Keberadaan penyakit selalu berasosiasi dengan keberadaan greenhouse-whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) dengan populasi tinggi, namun demikian hubungan antara serangga ini dengan kejadian penyakit tanaman tomat belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji cara-cara penularan virus, kisaran inang TICV, dan mengjaji respons ketahanan berbagai varietas tomat terhadap infeksi TICV. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey lapangan, uji penularan virus secara mekanik, penyambungan/grafting dan lewat serangga vektor; uji kisaran inang dari TICV; dan uji respons ketahanan tanaman dengan menanam 12 varietas tomat di daerah endemic TICV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas penyakit kuning berkisar antara 30%-100% teramati pada saat survey lapangan pada fase vegetatif (20 hari setelah tanam). TICV dapat ditularkan lewat penyambungan dan lewat vektor whitefly (T. vaporariorum), tetapi tidak dapat ditularkan secara mekanik. TICV mempunyai kisaran inang yang luas karena dapat ditularkan pada beberapa tanaman budidaya maupun gulma. Hasil uji respons ketahanan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa 9 varietas tomat terbukti rentan terhadap TICV, sedangkan 3 varietas (Kaliurang, Sanmarino and Supersius) menunjukkan reaksi toleran terhadap infeksi TICV.

The causal agent of the purple and yellowing disease symptoms on tomato plants in Magelang, Central Java have been identified as a Species Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), Genus Crinivirus, the Family Closteroviridae. The disease was likely to be associated with the existence of high population of the greenhouse-whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), however, the relationship between the whitefly and the disease on tomato is unknown. This research was purposed to study the virus transmission, TICV host range, and to study the response of various tomato varieties to the TICV infection. The methods used in the research were field survey; transmission studies by mechanical inoculation test, grafting and whitefly vector; study on the host range of TICV; and field trial by planting twelve varieties of tomato plants to study the resistance response to the TICV infection. The results showed that the disease intensity ranging from 30% to 100% were observed during field survey on the tomato plants on vegetative growth phase (20 days after planting). TICV could be transmitted by grafting and by whitefly vector (T. vaporariorum), but not by mechanical transmission. TICV has wide host ranges and able to infect several cultivated plants and weeds. Field trial showed that nine out of the twelve tomato varieties were susceptible and three varieties (Kaliurang, Sanmarino and Supersius) were given tolerant reactions to the TICV infections.

Kata Kunci : Penularan,Whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum,TICV,Tomat,Penyakit kuning, transmission, whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, TICV, tomato, yellowing disease