Hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal oral dengan usia dan keluhan menopause di Kota Pematang Siantar

SAFRINA, Prof. dr. Djaswadi D, SpOG(K), MPH,PhD

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Akhir kemampuan wanita untuk melakukan reproduksi dikenal dengan menopause. Menopause merupakan berhentinya menstruasi secara permanen yang disebabkan hilangnya fungsi folikelfolikel sel-sel telur. Wanita yang memasuki menopause mengalami penurunan hormon estrogen yang menyebabkan wanita mengalami keluhan-keluhan atau gangguan yang mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, bahkan menurunkan kualitas hidupnya. Penggunaan kontrasepsi oral memiliki keterkaitan dengan penundaan usia dan keluhan menopause. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal oral dengan usia dan keluhan menopause. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mengalami menopause di Kota Pematang Siantar. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu-ibu menopause dengan kriteria inklusi adalah umur 45 sampai diatas 55 tahun, bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian. Tehnik pengambilan sample secara Accidental Sampling subjek dengan besar sampel 127 orang. Analisis secara univariabel, bivariabel dan multivaribel dengan tingkat kemaknaan (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian: Kontrasepsi hormonal oral berhubungan dengan usia menopause (p = 0,02; r = 0,19) dan keluhan menopause dengan nilai (p = 0,01; r = -0,22). Analisis multivariabel hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal oral dengan usia menopause diperoleh hasil (koefisien = 0,031; p = 0,02) dan keluhan menopause diperoleh hasil (koefisien = -0,171: p = 0,01). Kesimpulan; Semakin lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal oral semakin tertunda usia menopause dan semakin lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal oral semakin ringan keluhan menopause.

Background: The end of the fertile phase of women's life in which a woman does not have her reproductive ability anymore is known as menopause. Menopause is marked with the permanent cessation of menstruation due to the loss of follicles. Earlier menopause will be likely to increase the risk factors relating to declined estrogen level, such as osteoporosis that can lead to early death. A woman entering menopause period often experiences declined estrogen hormone that causes her to have complaints or disturbances that hinder her daily activities and even reduce her quality of life. However, the use of oral contraceptive poses a correlation with the postponing of menopause age and complaints. Objective: To study the relationship between oral contraceptive and menopause age and complaints. Method: This was an observational study with cross-sectional study design. Population was all menopause mothers in Pematang Siantar. Subjects were menopause mothers who met the inclusion criteria which were 45 to over 55 years of age and willing to be the study subject. Samples were 127 mothers taken with accidental sampling. Data were analyzed with univariable, bivariable and multivariable analysis with (p < 0.05). Results: Oral contraceptive was related to the age of menopause (p = 0.03; r = 0.19) and menopause complaints with (p = 0.01; r = -0.22). From multivariable analysis, the result of the relationship between oral hormonal contraceptive and menopause age was (coefficient = -0.319; p = 0.026) and menopause complaints (coefficient = -0.171; p = 0.01). Conclusion: The longer use of oral hormonal contraceptive resulted in the postponing of menopause age and the lighter menopause complaints.

Kata Kunci : KOntrasepsi oral,Usia menopause,Keluhan menopause,oral contraceptive, menopause age, menopause complaints