Carbamate residues in melon, water and soil from Jatirejo, Wahyuharjo and Triharjo Village Kulon Progo Regency

RABEARISOA, Andry Harinaina, Dr. Eko Sugiharto, DEA

2008 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanah, air, dan melon yang dihasilkan di Desa Wahyuharjo, Jatirejo, dan Triharjo di Kabupaten Kulon Progo mengenai residu insektisida karbamat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa, mengidentifikasi, dan mengevaluasi residu karbamat dalam tanah, air, dan melon. Sampel diambil dari sentral produksi melon di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Sampel tanah diekstraksi menggunakan pengocok dengan pelarut aseton, sampel air diekstraksi menggunakan corong pisah dengan pelarut campuran 15% (v/v) dichloromethane/n-hexane dan sampel melon diekstraksi menggunakan homogenizer dengan pelarut aseton. Clean-up dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom kromatografi menggunakan florisil, dan residunya diderivatisasi dengan 2,4-Floro-dinitro benzen, (FDNB). Kadar residu karbamat ditentukan dengan menggunakan gas kromatografi yang dilengkapi detektor tangkapan elektron (Electron Capture Detector / GC-ECD). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sampel terkontaminasi oleh pestisida karbamat yang diteliti. Residu karbamat ditemukan dalam semua sampel tanah, melon, dan air. Konsentrasi rata-rata pestisida karbamat dalam tanah yaitu: metomil (1,733-2,852 ppm), karbaril (0,541-1,003 ppm), 3-hidroksikarbofuran (0,055-0,104 ppm), karbofuran (0,438- 0,624 ppm), dioksikarb (0,002-0,011 ppm), propoksur (0,002-0,004 ppm), aldikarb sulfone (0,377-0,75 ppm), dan aldikarb (0,439-0,619 ppm). Dalam sampel air, residu karbamat berada dalam kisaran : metomil (1,272-2,508 ppm), karbaril (0,625-0,904 ppm), 3-hidroksikarbofuran (0,049-0,084 ppm), karbofuran (0,331-0,621 ppm), dioksikarb (0,001-0,011 ppm), propoksur (0,003-0,010 ppm), aldikarb sulfone (0,290-0,444 ppm), dan aldikarb (0,144-0,561 ppm). Sedangkan dalam sampel melon berada pada kisaran: metomil (1,821-5,759 ppm), karbaril (0,557-0,811 ppm), 3-hidroksikarbofuran (0,058-0,094 ppm), karbofuran (0,442- 0,558 ppm), dioksikarb (0,001-0,010 ppm), propoksur (0,002-0,010 ppm), aldikarb sulfone (0,272-0,399 ppm), dan aldikarb (0,415-0,518 ppm). Pestisida berikut ini terdeteksi dalam beberapa sampel melon yang dianalisa, tetapi pestisida ini terdeteksi diatas Batas Maksimum Residu (BMR): karbofuran, metomil, dan karbaril, sementara dioksikarb, propoksur, 3-hidroksikarbofuran, aldikarb, dan aldikarb sulfone berada dibawah BMR. Sampel air yang diambil dari lahan melon berada di bawah standar air yang telah ditetapkan, kecuali metomil dan karbaril. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa, di samping perlunya kehatihatian penggunaan pestisida khususnya karbamat, masih banyak pestisida karbamat yang mengkontaminasi lingkungan yang mengakibatkan kontaminasi pada melon. Konsumsi melon dan air yang terkontaminasi pestisida ini berpotensi membahayakan kesehatan manusia, terutama petani.

Research concerning the residue of carbamate insecticide in melon, water and soil samples from Wahyuharjo, Jatirejo, and Triharjo Villages, Kulon Progo Regency has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze, identify and evaluate carbamate residues in soil, water and melon. The samples were taken from melon central production in Kulon Progo Regency. Soil sample was extracted with acetone, water samples are extracted using separator funnel with 15% (v/v) dichloromethane/n-hexane and melon sample was extracted using homogenizer with acetone. Clean up was done using chromatography column using florisil, and the residues were derivatized with 1- fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The derivatives were determined by gas chromatography with Electron Capture Detector (GCECD). The results of the study revealed that the samples were contaminated with one or more of the investigated carbamate pesticides. Carbamate residues were found in all samples of soil, melon and water. The average concentration of carbamate pesticides in soil sample was: methomyl (1.733-2.852 ppm), carbaryl (0.541-1.003 ppm), 3-hydroxycarbofuran (0.055-0.104 ppm), carbofuran (0.438- 0.624 ppm), dioxycarb (0.002-0.011 ppm), propoxur (0.002-0.004 ppm), aldicarb sulfone (0.377-0.75 ppm) and aldycarb (0.439-0.619 ppm). In water samples carbamate residues are in the range of: methomyl (1.272-2.508 ppm), carbaryl (0.625-0.904 ppm), 3-hydroxycarbofuran (0.049-0.084 ppm), carbofuran (0.331- 0.621 ppm), dioxycarb (0.001-0.011 ppm), propoxur (0.003-0.010 ppm), aldicarb sulfone (0.290-0.444 ppm) and aldycarb (0.144-0.561 ppm). In melon samples in the range of: methomyl (1.821-5.759 ppm), carbaryl (0.557-0.811 ppm), 3- hydroxycarbofuran (0.058-0.094 ppm), carbofuran (0.442-0.558 ppm), dioxycarb (0.001-0.010 ppm), propoxur (0.002-0.010 ppm), aldicarb sulfone (0.272-0.399 ppm) and aldicarb (0.415-0.518 ppm). The following pesticides have been detected in some of the samples of melon analysed, but they have been detected above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL): carbofuran, methomyl and carbaryl, while for dioxycarb, propoxur, hydroxycarbofuran, aldicarb, and aldicarb sulfone were laid below the MRL. Water sample taken from melon field was laid under the standard of water that has been settled, except Methonyl and carbaryl. The results of this work indicated that, in spite of more careful usages, of pesticides especially carbamate pesticides are still contaminating the environment resulting in contamination of these melons. There is a potential risk of the consumption of such contaminated melon and water on human’s health, particularly the farmers.

Kata Kunci : Residu Karbamat, Batas Maksimum Residu, Carbamate Residues, Maximum Residue Limits