Strategi penguatan kebijakan pemberantasan illegal logging dalam rangka peningkatan ketahanan nasional

SUBADIA, I Made, Prof. Dr. Irwan Abdullah

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Illegal logging adalah sebuah bentuk ancaman bagi ketahanan nasional Indonesia. Ancaman ini telah dikaitkan dengan meningkatnya laju kerusakan hutan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk memberantasnya, namun kejahatan ini masih tetap marak di banyak wilayah Indonesia. Memperhatikan nilai strategis hutan bagi kesejahteraan nasional demikian pentingnya, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian “ penguatan kebijakan pemberantasan illegal logging”. Penelitian ditujukan untuk (1). Mengetahui kebijakan dan langkah pemerintah dalam pengendalian illegal logging (2). Mengetahui faktor pendorong illegal logging, khususnya di wilayah Taman Nasional. (3). Merumuskan strategi penguatan kebijakan bagi terwujudnya kelestarian hutan dan tetap kuatnya ketahanan nasional Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengembangan diskritif–evaluatif penyebab belum berhasilnya pembrantasan illegal logging. Kasus yang dijadikan instrumen penelitian adalah illegal logging di Taman Nasional Betung Karihun, Kalimantan Barat. Pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan melalui studi pustaka serta penggalian respon tokoh masyarakat, pejabat pemerintahan, dan LSM, serta perguruan tinggi di beberapa tempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan illegal logging di Kalimantan Barat terjadi akibat lemahnya penegakan hukum. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh (1) lemahnya partisipasi masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, dan lemahnya kelembagaan pengelola, serta (2) belum mantapnya pelaksanaan perlindungan hutan sehubungan dengan belum baiknya peraturan perundangan. Kedepan direkomendasikan segera revitalisasi PP 68/1999 tentang kawasan konservasi sumberdaya alam dan PP 45/ 2004 tentang perlindungan hutan. Revitalisasi dilakukan dengan memperhatikan peran para pihak, perluasan akses masyarakat, menguatkan prosedur perlindungan hutan termasuk penguatan peran pejabat fungsional kehutanan, sangsi dan kewajiban pencegahan. Meningkatnya keberhasilan pengendalian illegal logging, akan berdampak pada keberhasilan pengendalian degradasi hutan, keberhasilan ini, akan meningkatkan peran hutan bagi kesejahteraan nasional, dan pada ujungnya akan meningkatkan daya tahan nasional.

Illegal logging is a significant threat to national security of Indonesia. The threat is related to the increasing rate of deforestation which further impact to reduction of community/social welfare. Despite various efforts that have been carried out by the Indonesian Government to alleviate illegal logging, the activities still exist. Considering strategic values of forests for livelihood, research on ‘strengthening strategies to combat illegal logging’ was deemed necessary. The research was aimed at (1) recognizing government’s policy/strategy and step to control illegal logging, (2) analyzing factors which encourages the increase of illegal logging in national park, (3) formulating strategy to strengthen policy for sustainable forest management as well as strong existent of national security of Indonesia. The research utilized a qualitative approach of descriptive-evaluative development on causes of illegal logging, taking illegal logging cases at Betung Kerihun National Park, Province of West Kalimantan. Data and information were collected through study literature, direct communication with communities, government officials, and Nongovernmental organizations, as well as experts at universities, through interview and focused discussion forum. Result showed that illegal logging in West Kalimantan occurred due to lack of law enforcement, which later influenced by (1) lack of community participation due to social economic of the community, and managing institution, and (2) lack of forest protection implementation, due to unsound regulation. It is recommended that the Government Regulation Number 68/1999 (PP No. 68/1999) on Area of Natural Resource Conservation and Government Regulation Number 45/2004 (PP No. 45/2004) on Forest Protection be revitalized. The process of revitalization should involve stakeholders, widen community access, strengthen regulation as well as forestry officers involved in forest protection, consider punishment and prevention. The success in combating illegal logging will impact on reduction of deforestation rate, which further improving role of forest for national prosperity. At the end this will improve national security.

Kata Kunci : Pemberantasan illegal ligging,Partisipasi,Perlindungan hutan,Peran hutan bagi kesejahteraan,Combating illegal logging, Participation, Forest Protection, Role of forest for prosperity