Pengamanan sumber energi Natuna D-Alpha dalam kerangka menjaga keamanan wilayah perbatasan :: Studi di Kabupaten Natuna, Propinsi Kepri

SOEGITO, Armien, Prof. Dr. Irwan Abdullah

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Republik Indonesia, secara geografis terletak sangat strategis di tengah-tengah perairan dunia yang kaya sumber alam dengan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dihadapkan dengan oil politics dunia, terutama ditinjau dari sudut kepentingan nasional negaranegara besar. Begitu strategisnya industri perminyakan, maka dalam implementasinya perlu didukung dengan Cohesivitas penanganan keamanan, khususnya pada kantongkantong dan instalasi industri minyak, baik di onshore maupun offshore demi kepentingan nasional secara menyeluruh. Salah satu kantong migas adalah lapangan Natuna D-Alpha. Mega proyek Natuna memiliki kendala yaitu masih belum adanya hukum batas negara yang disyahkan internasional, lemahnya alat peralatan dan disposisi satuan pertahanan dan keamanan negara di wilayah tersebut, serta lemahnya koordinasi antara pengelola Mega Proyek Natuna dengan pengelola sistem pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Tesis ini mengambil rumusan masalah Bagaimana tantangan, ancaman dan pertahanan terhadap wilayah proyek Migas D- Alpha di laut Natuna? Serta Bagaimana konsep keamanan wilayah Natuna dalam kerangka pengamanan wilayah perbatasan? Metode Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan berusaha melakukan deskripsi dan interpelasi dari gejala yang terjadi dalam konteks keamanan kawasan. Kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan terdiri dari berbagai konsep teori tentang pertahanan negara, ancaman dan keamanan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek Migas D Alpha ini rawan terhadap ancaman dikarenakan lokasinya berada dalam perbatasan dengan negara lain akibat Landas Kontinen dan Masalah Pemetaan yang Overlap selain itu ancaman infiltrasi dan okupasi juga akan terjadi. Walaupun pengamanan telah dilakukan secara maksimal oleh TNI namun di dalam upaya pengamanan khususnya di perbatasan masih terdapat beberapa kendala diantaranya adalah lemahnya koordinasi antar daerah perbatasan, masih belum adanya hukum batas Negara yang disyahkan internasional, lemahnya alat peralatan serta disposisi satuan pertahanan dan keamanan Negara di wilayah tersebut. Konsep yang diawarkan dalam pertahanan dan ketahanan nasional adalah optimalisasi upaya pengamanan harus dilakukan secara kombinasi antara upaya diplomasi dan upaya pengamanan secara fisik. Adapun upaya-upaya yang harus ditempuh antara lain adalah membangun kerjasama dan melanjutkan upaya mediasi diantara negara-negara bersengketa serta secara fisik meningkatkan kehadiran TNI di wilayah perbatasan dengan mereposisi satuan-satuan pertahanan negara serta memperkuat menggelar peralatan deteksi dini berupa radar yang mampu memonitor seluruh corong laut Natuna dan patroli laut serta udara secara kontinyu.

The Indonesian archipelago are geographically located in strategic area, in the cross position, in the middle of the richest water areas with high economic values in facing the world oil politics especially the national interest of the big countries such as United States, British, Japan, Australian or China as the industrialist countries. The oil industry is sensitive and strategic, so in its implementation is need to be supported by the cohesively of the security handling, especially in the enclaves and the installation of the oil industry whether onshore or offshore for the whole of the national interest. The Natuna D-Alpha is one of the mega projects of the oil and gas enclaves. The Natuna Mega Project has an obstacle, the weakness of the coordination between the boundary areas because of the lack in the law of the National Territorial Boundaries with the international legalization, the weakness of the tools and the disposition of the national security and defense in that area, and also the weakness of the coordination between the manager of this Natuna Mega Project with the agency of the national security and defense in Indonesia. This thesis are taken the problem formulation about how the challenges, threatening and the defense toward the project area of oil and gas in Natuna Sea? And also how are the concepts of the defense in Natuna area in the security framework in the boundary area? The research method is using the qualitative methods, by trying to describe and interpellation from the symptoms which are happened in the security areas. The thinking frameworks that are used consist of the various theoretical concepts about the national defense, threatening, and the national security. The result of the research shows that the oil and gas project of the D-Alpha is sensitive to the threaten because of the location in the boundary with the other country because of the Continent Shelf and the problems of the Overlapped Mapping, besides that the infiltration threaten and the occupation will happen. Although the security are maximalized by the National Troops of Indonesian, but in the efforts of the security especially in the boundary areas are still found the obstacles such as the weakness of the Law of the National Boundaries with the International Legalization, the weakness of the tools and the disposition of the national security and defense in that area. The concepts that are offered in the National Security and Defense is the optimalization of the security efforts that should be done by the combination between the diplomatic efforts and the secure physically. The efforts that should be improved are establishing the coordination with the big countries in the effort to explore and exploit the sources of energy and etc, continuing the mediation effort between the conflicted countries and also physically improve the attendance of the National Troops of Indonesian in the boundaries areas and strengthen of the detection tools in the shape of radar that could monitor all the Natuna Sea and also the Sea Patrol and the Air Patrol continuously.

Kata Kunci : Pengamanan sumber energi, Natuna D, Alpha, Wilayah perbatasan laut, Source of Energy Security, Natuna D-Alpha, Border sea area.