Strereotip dan prasangka dalam komunikasi antarbudaya :: Studi komunikasi antarbudaya antar etnis Dayak dan Melayu terhadap etnis Madura di Singkawang Kalimantan Barat
NAGARA, Dhian Puspa, Dr. Nunung Prajarto, MA
2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu PolitikKomunikasi antarbudaya antara Etnis Dayak, Melayu dan Madura di Singkawang Kalimantan Barat tidak berjalan dengan lancar. Kondisi ini tercermin dari tingginya frekuensi konflik diantara ketiga etnis ini, terutama yang melibatkan etnis Dayak dan Madura. Dalam hal ini, stereotip dan prasangka diduga menjadi dua masalah yang menghambat komunikasi antarbudaya diantara ketiga etnis tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri stereotip dan prasangka etnis Dayak dan Melayu terhadap etnis Madura serta bagaimana efektivitas komunikasi antara ketiga etnis ini. Hasil dari studi ini mengindikasikan adanya tiga belas stereotip Madura yang melekat di benak warga etnis Dayak dan Melayu. Ketigabelas stereotip itu adalah: (1) senang berkelompok; (2) ikatan kekeluargaan yang kuat; (3) suka membawa senjata tajam; (4) kasar dan arogan; (5) agresif dan tidak tahu adat; (6) mudah tersinggung dan pendendam; (7) suka mencuri; (8) suka membunuh; (9) pengecut; (10) suka ingkar janji; (11) berpendidikan rendah; (12) ulet dan suka bekerja keras; and (13) rajin menabung. Selanjutnya, prasangka terhadap Madura diekspresikan dalam berbagai wujud, yaitu: (1) antilokasi; (2) penghindaran; (3) diskriminasi; (4) serangan fisik; dan (5) pemusnahan. Komunikasi antarbudaya diantara mereka pada akhirnya tidak berlangsung efektif, dimana masing-masing kelompok etnis tetap mempertahankan identitas kesukuannya dan tidak mau memahami budaya dari kelompok etnis lainnya. Lebih lanjut, komunikasi yang terjalin akhirnya hanya bersifat semu, kaku, dan dangkal. Sementara komunikasi yang efektif hanya terjadi terbatas di ranah publik.
Intercultural communication between Dayak, Malay, and Madurese in Singkawang, West Kalimantan, currently do not run well. The condition is reflected in the frequency of conflict among the three ethnics. In such a case, stereotype and prejudice are two matters that become obstacles the intercultural communication. Purpose of this study is to explore the stereotypes and prejudices among Dayak and Malay toward Madurese and how the effectiveness of the intercultural communication is among the three ethnics in Singkawang. Result of the study indicates that there are thirteen stereotypes continuously attached to the Madurese by both Dayak and Malay. They include to be: (1) apt to live in groups; (2) strong in family bond; (3) like to bring cold steel; (4) rough and arrogant; (5) aggressive and not adherent to customary rules; (6) susceptible to be offended and to revenge; (7) like to steal; (8) easy to kill; (9) coward; (10) apt to violate their own promise; (11) lower in education; (12) tough and like to work laboriously; and (13) delight in saving. Furthermore, prejudices against Madurese are expressed in various ways, such as (1) antilocution; (2) avoidance; (3) discrimination; (4) physical attack; and (5) extermination. The intercultural communication currently undergone among them did not run effectively, in which each ethnical group still defends their respective ethnical identity and does not seek to understand other ethnical groups’ culture. Moreover, the intercultural communication is not only hindered by cultural differences, but also by attitudes with no familiarity or full of rivalry in nature. The stereotypes and prejudices with strong attachment to other ethnical member’s mind still affect many intercultural relationships. Communications among them are, therefore, just quasi and many intercultural relationships become hindered, strict, and frequently confused.
Kata Kunci : Komunikasi antarbudaya,Stereotip,Prasangka,Intercultural Communication, Stereotype, Prejudice
