CSO dan transformasi sosial :: Studi peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat-LSM dalam penanganan dampak sosial bencana Lumpur Lapindo

KUSMANTO, Drs. Haryanto, MA

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik

Bencana lumpur lapindo merupakan bencana yang disebabkan kesalahan/ kecerobohan aktivitas pengeboran minyak dan gas bumi oleh PT Lapindo Brantas di sumur pengeboran Banjarpanji I (BJP I) di Porong Sidoarjo. Bencana tersebut telah mengakibatkan kerusakan dan kerugian yang sangat besar. Bencana tersebut menimbulkan dampak sosial yang sangat luas, yang paling utama berupa gejala pemiskinan dan konflik yang berkepanjangan seiring berkelanjutannya sumber bencana. Tercatat sudah 10 desa terdampak (tenggelam) oleh luapan lumpur lapindo, yang meliputi lebih dari 715 ha lahan pertanian, 11 ribu bangunan (tempat tinggal, perusahaan, kantor pemerintahan, tempat ibadah, maupun tempat pendidikan), lebih dari 10 ribu keluarga kehilangan tempat tinggal. Termasuk pula dampak sosial non fisik seperti hilangnya rasa keamanan, kenyamanan dan ketenangan kehidupan sosial, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan lain-lain. Seiring penanganan gejala pemiskinan yang tak kunjung selesai, muncul gejala konflik (baik konflik vertikal maupun konflik horizontal) yang tak kalah pelik penyelesaiannya. Manajemen bencana dalam paradigma good governance membutuhkan keterlibatan secara aktif dari semua pihak, termasuk untuk penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo yang berupa gejala pemiskinan dan konflik. Pemerintah sendirian tak akan mampu melakukan penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo, karena keterbatasan yang melekat padanya (keterbatasan SDM, anggaran, maupun sarana prasarana). Oleh karena itu diperlukan keterlibatan secara aktif pihak lain, terutama keterlibatan masyarakat sendiri yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM). Oleh karena itulah, penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui bagaimana peran Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) dalam penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo yang berupa gejala pemiskinan dan konflik serta bagaimana efektivitasnya. Indikator pemiskinan yang dipergunakan adalah pemiskinan demokrasi yang meliputi : (1) Lack of Security; (2) Lack of Capability; (3) Lack of Opportunity; dan (4) Lack of Power. Sedangkan gejala konflik diukur dari adanya konflik vertikal yang merupakan konflik kebijakan dan konflik horizontal. Sementara itu, peran LSM diukur melalui implementasi pendekatan kemanusiaan, pendekatan pengembangan masyarakat, pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pendekatan sosial politik. Sedangkan efektivitas peran LSM diukur melalui terlaksana atau tidaknya program-program pendekatan dalam penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LSM sangat berperan aktif dalam penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo yang berupa gejala pemiskinan dan konflik. Implementasi program-program pendekatan peran LSM dimaksud juga berjalan secara efektif. Akhirnya didapat kesimpulan bahwa peran LSM dalam penanganan dampak sosial bencana lumpur lapindo di Kabupaten Sidoarjo membuktikan telah terimpelementasikannya prinsip-prinsip good governance

Lapindo mud disaster is disaster caused by carelessness of drilling activity of oil and gas by PT Lapindo Brantas Inc. in drilling well Banjarpanji I ( BJP I) in Porong, a district of Sidoarjo local region. The disaster has resulted a real big damage and loss. The disaster generates a real social impact wide, most important in the form of symptom povertying and endless conflict along having continuation it source of disaster. Noted have been 10 villages is affected ( submerged) by overflowing of lapindo mud, what covers more than 715 hectares agricultural land, 11 thousand buildings ( residence, company, goverment office, place of religious service, and also place of education), more than 10 thousand families losing of residence. Including also social impact non physical like loss of security and safety taste, comfort and life calmness of social, education, health, and others. Along handling of symptom povertying which still not completed, emerges conflict symptom (either vertical conflict and also horizontal conflict) which do not fail queer of its (the solution). In paradigm good governance, Management of Disaster requires involvement actively from all parties, including for handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact which in the form of symptom povertying and conflict. The Government alone will not can do handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact, because limitation that is sticking to him (limitation of human resources, budget, and also supporting facilities for infrastructure). Therefore is required involvement actively other parties, especially involvement of public that merged into Non Government Organization (NGO). Along of that is, this research aim to wish to know about role of Non Government Organization (NGO) in handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact which in the form of symptom povertying and conflict and about its effectiveness. Indicator povertying utilized is poverty of covering democracy : ( 1) Lack of Security; ( 2) Lack of Capability; ( 3) Lack of Opportunity; and ( 4) Lack of Power. While conflict symptom measured from existence of vertical conflict which is policy conflict and horizontal conflict. Meanwhile, the role of Non Government Organization (NGO) is measured by through implementation of humanity approach, expansion approach of public, enableness approach of public and approach of politics-social. While effectiveness the role of Non Government Organization (NGO) is measured through executed or not of approach programs in handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact. Result of research indicates that Non Government Organization (NGO) so active in handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact which in the form of symptom povertying and conflict. Implementation of approach programs the role of Non Government Organization (NGO) is intended also runs effectively. Finally is gotten conclusion that the role of Non Government Organization (NGO) in handling of lapindo mud disaster social impact in Sidoarjo local region proves implemented has of principles good governance.

Kata Kunci : LSM,Dampak sosial,Bencana lumpur lapindo,Good governance, Non Government Organization (NGO), social impact, lapindo mud disaster, and good governance