Perubahan perilaku masyarakat pasca menerima SLT dalam kehidupan sosial, budaya dan ekonomi :: Studi di Kelurahan Mattiro Deceng Kec. Tiroang Sulawesi Selatan

RAS, Atma, Dr. Partini

2008 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Kebijakan pemerintah untuk memberikan dana kompensasi BBM dalam bentuk tunai kepada masyarakat miskin, ternyata menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan. Salah satunya adalah perubahan perilaku yang berdampak pada kehidupan sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi masyarakat. Sebelum bergulir program SLT, nilai Siri’ sebagai salah satu pedoman dalam hidup bermasyarakat, mengandung makna bahwa, bekerja keras, saling tolong menolong, merupakan warisan nenek moyang yang harus dipertahankan. Sementara tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui ada tidaknya perubahan perilaku masyarakat dalam menghadapi hidup, dan ingin mengetahui dampak sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi masyarakat dengan adanya SLT. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam (in depth interview) dengan informan yaitu: kepala rumah tangga penerima SLT, bukan penerima SLT, tokoh masyarakat, BPS, BRI, PT. Pos, dan pemerintah setempat. Semua informan yang terpilih, dianggap mengetahui kondisi masyarakat sebelum dan pasca penyaluran dana subsidi langsung tunai. Modernisasi pertanian berdampak pada perubahan perilaku masyarakat seperti jiwa gotong royong mengalami pergeseran, karena masyarakat menerapkan sistem upahan. Kondisi ini pun semakin dipicu dengan pprogram bantuan SLT. Partisipasi masyarakat pada setiap kegiatan gotong royong mengalami penurunan dari 50 orang tinggal 10 orang, dan itu pun orangnya tetap sama. Disamping itu, ada pembagian wilayah, artinya dimana ada kegiatan gotong royong, maka masyarakat disekitarnya saja yang berpartisipasi, serta tidak semua masyarakat ikut bergotong royong tergantung kegiatan apa yang dilakukan, misalnya ada perbaikan irigasi, maka hanya masyarakat petani saja yang berpartisipasi. Dalam hal kegiatan kemasyarakatan, mereka cenderung untuk membantu/menolong, jika mendapatkan reward, artinya apa yang mereka lakukan harus mendapatkan balasan sesuai dengan apa yang pernah diperbuat. Kondisi seperti ini terjadi disebabkan ketidakadilan dalam proses penyaluran SLT sehingga masyarakat mengalami disintegrasi. Sementara, menyangkut bekerja, masyarakat semakin malas karena terbuai dengan uang gratis yang diberikan pemerintah, dan dana yang diberikan, selain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, juga dipergunakan untuk berjudi, dan minum-minuman keras. Dengan demikian, nilai sosial masyarakat mengalami pergeseran karena aktivitas gotong royong memiliki muatan kepentingan dan orientasi mereka adalah uang sebagai tanda balas jasa, sehingga dapat merusak hubungan sosial. Nilai budaya Siri’ pun mengalami pemudaran, karena bukan lagi sebagai pedoman yang harus dijunjung tinggi, sebab masyarakat tidak malu lagi malas bekerja, berutang, dan mengaku sebagai orang miskin. Sementara, pola konsumsi masyarakat kecenderungan untuk melakukan konsumsi tanpa batas, lebih mementingkan faktor keinginan daripada kebutuhan.

Government policy of giving the subsidy of fuel compesation into poor families arose new problems. One of the problems was behaviour changing which was effected the society’s socially, culturally, and economically. Before the distribution of SLT program, Siri’ which meant hard working and helping each other became a life guidance for the society handed down by their ancestor. Next, the research focused on that’s any changes in the society’s behaviour dealing with their daily life, and the effect of SLT in the field of social, economy, and culture. In this research used qualitative approach with the analytical technique of descriptive qualitative. Data taken by observation and in depth interview. The informants consisted of the heads of the household, who accepted SLT, the heads of household who didn’t accept SLT, aprominent figure, BPS member, BRI officer, the head of PT. Pos Indonesia Kabupaten Pinrang and government agencies in the area. The informants were chosen they considered knowing the society’s situation before the subsidy was distributed and after it’s distributed. Agriculture modernisation has an effect of changing the society behaviour such as the changing the community self help, because the society ran reward system. The situation became worse because of the SLT programm. The society partisipation turned into 10 people, and they were the same people. There were also an shared area in joining the community self help it depended on what kinds of work would be done. For example if they wanted to better the irrigation, then the members of the mutual cooperation were only farmers. In society’s activity, people tended to help others if they got a reward. When they did something, then they were hoping for reprisal. The situation happened because of the unfairness of SLT distribution procces, so it is caused the society disintegration. They became lazy people because they relied on the subsidy from the government. The subsidy were used for gambling and alcohol beverages, besides met their daily need. Actually the citizen never consumed alcohol beverages ang played gamble. We can conclude that there are some changes in the community after the SLT program did. In social field, mutual cooperation included some self interests and their orientation was money as a reward, so that the social relationship was out of order. Siri’ as a cultural value didn’t become their guidance anymore. The citizen was not ashame to accuse that they were poor, to work lazily, and to one money. The society’s consumtion pattern was also changed.They tended to be over consuming. They bought all goods that they wanted eventhough they didn’t need it. When the SLT’s acceptances had some money, they spent it to buy a lot of goods which the people actually did not need it or their daily need.

Kata Kunci : SLT,Solidaritas sosial,Etos kerja,Nilai budaya siri, SLT, behaviour, social solidarity, working spirit, and Siri; as a cultural value.