Penentuan potensial biogas dari sampah organik kota melalui proses anaerobic digestion sistem batch menggunakan inokulum dari instalasi biogas Sobacken Boras Swedia sebagai salah satu parameter dalam perancangan reaktor biogas skala masal

WIDODO, Sarno, Dr. Ir. Suanrto Goenadi, D.A.A

2008 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin

Penelitian ini tentang penentuan potensial biogas sampah organik kota Borås Swedia serta perancangan reaktor biogas kotoran sapi skala masal, yang diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat miskin di Kecamatan Temon, Kabupaten Kulonprogo Jogjakarta . Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Sampah organik kota dan simulator sampah yang sudah mendapat perlakuan awal sebagai sampel penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor yang berisi 20 ml inokulum dengan perlakuan 1%VS, 1,5% VS, 2% VS serta 3% VS, kemudian diinkubasikan pada suhu 55ºC (suhu termofilik). Selama periode pengamatan 30-50 hari dilakukan pengukuran produksi biogas/metan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Volatile solid sampah organik kota dan simulator sampah adalah 21,04 %, dan 25,89 %. Berdasarkan analisis kurva akumulasi biogas dan analisis regresi polinomial derajad dua, diperoleh potensial biogas sampah organik kota Borås Swedia adalah 832,89 ml/g VS pada perlakuan 2% VS dan 864,5 ml/g VS pada 1,66 %VS. Sedangkan potensial biogas/metan simulator sampah berdasarkan analisis kurva akumulasi produksi biogas dan metan 982,89 ml//g VS dan 369,46 ml/g VS pada perlakuan 1,5% VS. Sementara hasil analisis grafik regresi polinomial derajad 3, secara matematis diperoleh potensial biogas 1.147,38 ml/g VS pada 1,49%VS, serta potensial metan 447,30 ml/g VS pada 1,47% VS. Dalam perancangan reaktor biogas skala masal untuk mengubah kotoran sapi yang sudah dikeringkan menjadi biogas, pembangunan instalasi membutuhkan total biaya sebesar 3.465.000 USD. Proyek ini didanai dari pinjaman bank dengan suku bunga 10% serta harus dilunasi dalam waktu 10 tahun. Reaktor biogas diperkirakan mampu beroperasi selama 20 tahun. Instalasi reaktor ini mampu menghasilkan 1.700 m3 biogas/952 m3 metan per hari, dan diharapkan dapat membantu 1.030 keluarga miskin. Total keuntungan yang diperoleh mencapai 4.278,758 USD selama 20 tahun.

This research is about the determination of the biogas potentials from municipal waste taken from Borås municipality and the designing of a large scale biogas reactor to convert cattle dung, which to be hoped for helping poor households in Temon sub district in Kulon Progo Regency. The method used was the Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and triplicates. By using treatments of 1%VS, 1.5% VS, 2% VS, and 3% VS, pre-treated municipal organic waste as samples were filled into the reactors which contain of 20 ml volume of inoculums then they were incubated at temperature of 55ºC (thermophilic temperature). During the time period of 30 - 50 days simultaneously measurements of biogas/methane productions were necessary done. The results showed that the volatile solid values of municipal organic waste and waste simulator were 21.04 %, and 25.89 %. Based on the accumulated biogas production curves and the 2nd degree of polynomial regression analysis, were obtained that the biogas potential of municipal organic waste were 832.89 ml/g VS on 2% VS and 864.5 ml/g VS on 1.66 %VS. Whereas based on the accumulated biogas/methane production curves of waste simulator were obtained of 982.89 ml/g VS dan 369.46 ml/g VS on 1.5% VS. On the other side, by using the 3rd degree of polynomial regression analysis, the biogas potential of waste simulator mathematically obtained of 1,147.38 ml/g VS on 1.49%VS, and the potential methane of 447.30 ml/g VS on 1.47% VS. Within the designing of a large scale biogas reactor to convert dried cattle dung to be biogas, for building the biogas plant was needed the total cost of 3,465,000 USD. The project was funded by loan with interest rate of 10% and had to be paid in 10 years. The biogas reactor was estimated 20 years in operation and would produce 1,700 m3 of biogas or 952 m3 of methane daily, and to be hoped could help 1,030 poor households. The total benefit obtained would reach 4,278,758 USD for 20 years.

Kata Kunci : Biogas, Volatile solid, Potensial, Anaerobic digestion, Substrate, Reaktor