Strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

ASKAR, Prof. Dr. Hadi Sabari Yunus, MA. Drs

2008 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan sampel lokasi penelitian terdiri dari Kecamatan Katobu (mewakili kota), Kecamatan Watopute (mewakili desa-kota) dan Kecamatan Lawa (mewakili desa). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga pada masyarakat yang tinggal di kota, desa-kota, dan desa di daerah penelitian; (2) mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga, terkait perbedaan karakteristik kehidupan di kota, desa-kota, dan desa di daerah penelitian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui survei lapangan dengan pengambilan data secara sampling serta analisis data sekunder. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara proportional stratified random sampling. Jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 90 sampel rumah tangga, pada setiap desa diwakili 30 rumah tangga. Analisa dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan tabel frekuensi dan tabel silang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga pada masyarakat yang tinggal di kota, desa-kota, dan desa di daerah penelitian berbeda. Perbedaan tersebut dapat diketahui dari adanya kecenderungan rumah tangga di desa menerapkan strategi pemanfaatan sumberdaya rumah tangga (istri ikut bekerja) sebesar 97 persen, desa-kota mempekerjakan istri dan anak sebesar 40 persen sementara di kota lebih mengutamakan untuk mempekerjakan anak (80 persen). Penerapan strategi meminjam di kota, desa-kota dan desa hampir sama yakni mayoritas meminjam kepada saudara (90 persen). Strategi penambahan jam kerja jarang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga kota, desa-kota dan desa. Strategi diversifikasi pekerjaan mayoritas diterapkan oleh rumah tangga desa pada kegiatan di sektor pertanian seperti menanam sayuran dan beternak (90 persen) sementara desa-kota hampir mirip dengan di desa (menanam sayuran dan beternak) namun dengan prosentase yang lebih kecil (80 persen). Strategi diversifikasi pekerjaan di kota jarang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga kota (hanya 30 persen).

The research was conducted in Muna District in Sulawesi Tenggara Province. Katobu sub District (representing urban area), Watopute sub District (representing rural-urban area) and Lawa sub District (representing rural area)were chosen as the location or research. The research seeks to: (1) study the household needs-meeting strategies of the studied urban, rural-urban, and rural communities; (2) study the factors that affect the household needs-meeting strategies, in relation to different characteristics of life in the studied urban, rural-urban, and rural areas. The research method in use was field survey that collected data using sampling method and that used secondary data analysis. Proportional stratified random sampling was taken to determine the samples. In total, there were 90 samples of households, 30 samples for each village. The research did qualitative analysis using frequency table and cross table. Research result shows that the household need-meeting strategies employed by the studied urban, rural-urban, and rural communities are different. The differences were understood as the following: rural households tend to employ household resource utilizing strategy (by making wife work) as high as 97 per cent, rural-urban households labor wives and children as high as 40 per cent, while urban households prefer to make children work (80 per cent). As for borrowing strategy, urban, rural-urban, and rural households are almost similar, i.e. the majority of them borrow money from close relatives (90 per cent). Working hour extension strategy is not common among urban, rural-urban, and rural households. Working diversification strategy is mostly employed by rural households for activities in agriculture sector, e.g. vegetable and animal farming (90 per cent). A little lower percentage (80 per cent) of rural-urban households employ vegetable and animal farming. Working diversification strategy is not commonly (30 per cent) employed by urban households.

Kata Kunci : Rumah tangga, Pemenuhan kebutuhan, Kota, Desa, Kota dan desa, Household, Need-meeting, Urban, Rural- urban, Rural