Rural women migrant workers :: Economics motives, process and management of remittance

MUNDINGSARI, Ratna Dewi, Neila Ramdhani, Dra., M.Si., M.Ed

2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen

Banyak perempuan desa di Indonesia bekeija di luar negeri sebagai pekeija migran, jumlah pekeija migran perempuan meningkat dengan pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perempuan desa pekerja migran dari segi motif ekonomi, proses dan manajemen pendapatan. Wawancara secara mendalam dengan mantan pekeija migran dilak-ukan dalam penelitian ini, dimana metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian k.'Ualitatif. Data pendulmng dari Departemen Tenaga Keija, Biro Pusat Statistik digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kalibareng Patean, Kendal adalah lokasi yang dipilih dalarn penelitian ini dengan alasan banyaknya buruh migran yang berasal dari daerah tersebut. Profil dari responden mengindikasikan bahwa responden berusia antara 17 sampai 37 tahun, dengan mayoritas pendidikan hanya tamatan sekolah dasar (53%), 80% responden berprofesi sebaga.i petani sebelum bekerja di luar negeri. Motif ekonomi yang mendorong responden untuk menjadi pekeija rnigran dibagi menjadi kondisi ekonorni sebelum bekeija di luar negeri, kesempatan ekonomi di luar negeri dan kesepatan investasi ekonomi. Kebanyakan responden memutuskan untuk bekerja sebagai pekerja rnigran karena sulitnya kondisi ekonomi di negaranya seperti rendahnya pendapatan. Kesempatan ekonorni di luar negeri mendorong mereka, sebab adanya perbedaan pendapatan antara negara mereka dengan negara tujuan walaupun sama bekeija sebaga.i pekeija rumah tangga Kesempatatan investasi sebaga.i contoh mengumpulkan uang sebagai modal dan membeli tanah mendorong perempuan desa menjadi pekerja rnigran. Untuk menjadi pekerja migran harus melalui prosedur yang rumit dan membayar mahal. Proses rekrutmen dari calon pekerja migran ke petugas desa, sponsor dan agen. Banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam proses ini baik swasta maupun pemerintah. Kebanyakan responden mengirim gajinya dan kiriman tersebut digunakan untuk membangun atau renovasi rumah (26%), membeli tanah (18%), membantu ekonomi keluarga (15%), biaya pendidikan (l 0%), Modal (1 0%), biaya pernikahan (8%) , lain-lain seperti membeli motor, biaya rumah sakit, biaya kampanye (8%) dan membayar hutang (5%). Selarna bekeija responden mempunyai pengalaman baik seperti mendapat upah dan pengalaman dan pengalarnan buruk (pelecehan fisik maupun nonfisik, dilarang beribadah). Sebagian responden tidak ingin menjadi buruh migran lagi, dan sebagian ingin. Taiwan menjadi negara tujuan favorit selanjutnya, karena upahnya tertinggi. Untuk perempuan desa yang tidak bekerja menjadi buruh rnigan disebabkan takut dan tidak mau berpisah dengan keluarga Kata kunci : Perempuan desa rnigran, motif, proses, pendapatan (kiriman)

Many rural women in Indonesia work overseas as migrant workers, the number of women migrant workers increase rapidly. This research was aimed to investigate rural women migrant workers: economic motivation, process and management of remittance. ln dept interview with former migrant workers was used in research which use qualitative research. Supporting data from Man Power Department, Statistic Bureau and other were used in this research. Kalibareng, Kendal, Central Java was chosen as location of this research consider with many migrant workers from there. Profile of respondent indicate that respondent have age between 17 and 37 years old, with majority educational background just pass from elementary school (53%), 80% of respondents are farmer before they work abroad. Economic motive that encourage respondents to be migrant workers divided to economic condition before work abroad, economic opportunity abroad and investment for economic opportunity. Most respondent decided to work as migrant workers because of difficulties economy in their home country such as low family income. The economic opportunity abroad encourages them, because of the large differential in wage between host and home country in. same occupation as domestic worker. Investment for economic opportunity for example collect money for capital and buy land supporting rural women to be migrant workers. To be migrant workers should following complicated procedure and also need pay a lot of money. Recruitment process began from potential migrants to local village to inner sponsor and to recruitment agency. Many stake holders have role from private and government have role in recruitment process. Most of respondents sent their wage to home country, they used their remittance for built or renovate home (26%), following by buy land (18%), Support economy of fami ly (15%), Education cost (l 0%), Capital (1 0%) , Marital cost (8%), others such as buy motorcycle, hospital cost, pay campaign etc (8%), and pay debt (5%). Respondents have good and bad experiences during working abroad, good experience such as received salary and got experience abroad. Bad experiences include physical and non physical harassment (restriction for doing spiritual activity). Some respond ent didn't work abroad again, but the other still want to continue to work abroad again. Taiwan becomes the favorite next destination country for rural women to be migrant worker there, consider the highest salary among then other. The other rural women who didn't work overseas because, they afraid to work far from their family and they didn't want to separate from their family. Key words: Rural women, migrant, motives, process, remittance

Kata Kunci : Perempuan desa,Migran,Motif,Proses,Pendapatan (kiriman)