Studi implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat di Desa hutan Randublatung Kabupaten Blora
ADJI, Probo Wresni, Dr. M. Baiquni
2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi PublikPerum Perhutani pada tahun 2001 melalui Surat Keputusan Dewan Pengawas Pehutani nomor 136/Kpts/Dir/2001 menetapkan kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Rakyat (PHBM) untuk mewadahi paradigma pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat, pemberdayaan dan peningkatan peran masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan. Masyarakat desa sekitar hutan melalui Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) menjadi salah satu aktor utama dan mitra kerja Perum Perhutani. Meskipun demikian, ternyata masih ada desa di wilayah kerja Perum Perhutani Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) menolak PHBM Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan tentang implementasi PHBM di desa lokasi penelitian yaitu Desa Ngliron (LMDH Sido Dadi Mulyo) dan Desa Tanggel (LMDH Langgeng Jati) yang sudah menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak Perum Perhutani, menguraikan pencapaiannya implementasi PHBM di kedua desa tersebut atas tujuan-tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, serta menganalisa penyebab masyarakat Desa Temulus belum ingin bekerjasama dengan Perhutani. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi implementasi dan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian PHBM di Desa Ngliron masih sangat jauh dari tujuan-tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Perum Perhutani masih sangat dominan perannya dalam pengelolaan hutan di wilayah pangkuan Desa Ngliron. Sedangkan implementasi PHBM di Desa Tanggel secara umum lebih baik dari Desa Ngliron, LMDH Langgeng Jati mampu berperan dan terlibat dalam pengelolaan hutan di wilayah pangkuan desanya. Pengelolaan hutan di wilayah pangkuan Desa Tanggel tidak lagi mutlak ditentukan oleh Perum Perhutani. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi PHBM pertama adalah kurangnya komitmen dan dukungan pihak Perum Perhutani dalam implementasi PHBM, kedua rendahnya kemampuan LMDH, ketiga kurangnya peran dan dukungan dari Pemerintah Daerah, keempat keberadaan dan dukungan dari pihak lain dalam peningkatan kapasitas LMDH. Penolakan PHBM yang ditandai dengan terus berlangsungnya perlawanan oleh masyarakat Desa Temulus disebabkan pertama implementasi riil PHBM tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan masyarakat Desa Temulus. Kedua dapat memecahkan permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Desa Temulus. Kontribusi pikiran penulis terhadap implementasi PHBM adalah pihak Perhutani harus mengubah sistem perencanaan pengelolaan hutan, Perhutani perlu meninjau ulang aturan bagi hasil atas hasil hutan, Pemerintah Daerah harus lebih aktif terlibat dalam implementasi PHBM dan mengoptimalkan FK PHBM, dan para pihak harus lebih memberdayakan masyarakat dan LMDH dengan melakukan upaya pendampingan
Perum perhutani (state owned company) in the year 2001 developed a collaborative forest management with community which called Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) based on board of Perhutani regulation No. 136/Kpts/DIR/2001 and became a new model of forest management. According to Perum Perhutani, this new model of forest management is a reflection of community based forest management, empowerment, and give the community broader access and role to the community in utilizing the forest. The community surrounding the forest (LMDH) became one of the main actors and involved in forest management for forestland utilization, and all activities in forest management. Although not all villagers agree to have the agreement with Perhutani in managing the forest surrounds the village. The aim of implementation research are to describe the PHBM implementation process which conducted at Tanggel village and Ngliron village, describe the achievement of PHBM, to explain kind of factor which influence the PHBM implementation process and explain PHBM rejection by Temulus villagers. This research conducted by using qualitative approach to describe condition or phenomenon in PHBM implementation The research result, PHBM conducted in Ngliron Village have not achieved the objective of PHBM at all. LMDH Sido Dadi Mulyo (Ngliron village institution) has not played the significant role in managing the forest on its village compartment at all. Perum Perhutani still dominates the forest management. The achievement of PHBM implementation in Tanggel Village was much better than Ngliron village, LMDH Langgeng Jati (Tanggel village institution) has involved in forest planning of its compartment and Perhutani has already tried to accommodate the LMDH Langgeng Jati (Tanggel village institution) purpose. The successful of PHBM implementation and its achievement influenced by several factors.. First, lack of support and commitment of Perum Perhutani itself in implementing the PHBM. Second the capability of community institution. Third lack of role and support from district government in PHBM implementation. Fourth the existence of others parties to strengthening local community (LMDH) capability. The reason of Temulus villager’s rejection of PHBM and continue their resistance, first the real PHBM implementation did not appropriate with community expectation, Perhutani still control most of forest management practices rather then to share it with the community. Second reason was PHBM would not end up the basic problems faced by community Based on research result, in order to improved the performance of PHBM, it is suggested that first,Perum Perhutani must adjust the system of forest planning management refer to the social dynamics in the village area. Second, Perum Perhutani has to review the production sharing regulation. Thrid, The district government has to be more proactive involve in PHBM activities and optimized the functions of FK PHBM. Fourth, all parties (Perum Perhutani, District Government, NGO should empower the local community
Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat,Perum perhutani
