Isolasi bahan bakar (biofuels) dari tar-asap cair hasil pirolosis tempurung kelapa

KAMULYAN, Budi, Dr A.H. Bambang Setiaji

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Isolasi Bahan Bakar (Biofuels) dari Tar-asap cair hasil pirolisis tempurung kelapa. Persen produk-produk pirolisis yang ditentukan meliputi berat tar, berat arang dan berat asap cair. Biofuels diisolasi dari pirolisat/ Tar-asap cair dengan ekstraksi tanpa pelarut dan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan petroleum eter serta distilasi biasa. Biofuels yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas (GC) dan Kromatografi Gas – Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa persen produk pirolisis tempurung kelapa adalah tar 7,23%, asap cair 44,59%, arang 31,21% dan gas 16,96%. Biofuels yang diperoleh dengan distilasi (0,33-0,4%) lebih besar daripada dengan metode ekstraksi (≤ 0,3%). Senyawa yang diduga sebagai biofuels dari analisis GC-MS adalah fenol (15,21%) dan guaiakol (5,91%) yang merupakan hasil degradasi lignin.

The isolation of biofuels from Tar-Liquid smoke by pyrolysis of the coconut shells has been studied. The composition of the product of pyrolysis was calculated from the mass of tar, charcoal, and liquids smoke. The isolation method of biofuels from pyrolysate was conducted by extraction and distillation. The products were analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that the yield of the product of pyrolysis was tar of 7.23%, liquids smoke of 44.59%, and charcoal of 31.21% and gas of 16.96%. Percent of biofuels, which was resulted from distillation method, was larger than that of extraction method. Analysis of GC and GC-MS showed that biofuels is consisted of phenol and guaiacol compounds resulted from degradation of lignin.

Kata Kunci : Biofuels,pirolisat,fenol,guaiakol,