Penyusunan anggaran melalui musrenbang di Kabupaten Gorontalo

MAARUF, Asri Th, Dr. Agus pramisinto, MDA

2008 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Negara

Musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (musrenbang), yang dianggap paling efektif dalam memberikan ruang bagi rakyat untuk melibatkan diri dalam proses perencanaan, pada kenyataannya belum seperti yang diharapkan. Kehadiran komponen masyarakat, masih sebatas untuk memenuhi unsur administrasi bagi legitimasi proses pelaksanaan pembangunan di desa. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan tentang (1) bagaimana proses musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (Musrenbang) di Kabupaten Gorontalo dan (2) apa yang menyebabkan banyak usulan tidak dijadikan prioritas dalam APBD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan lokasi sasaran 20 (dua puluh) desa/kelurahan yang terdapat di 6 (enam) kecamatan di Kabupaten Gorontalo, yang dianggap baik dalam pelaksanaan musrenbang. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan penomena tersebut mengemukakan, banyak kritikus anggaran menyatakan sistem perencanaan dan penganggaran penuh dengan politik dan permainan; menghasilkan hanya perubahan inkremental pada periode perencanaan dan penganggaran; tidak responsif terhadap lingkungan yang berubah dengan cepat, dan menghambat inisiatif; fokus pada pengurangan biaya dibanding penciptaan nilai; dan terlalu mahal untuk hanya sedikit manfaat yang dihasilkannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (musrenbang) di tingkat desa/kelurahan, masih melibatkan masyarakat dan elit-elit desa dari unsur pemuda, tokoh perempuan, LSM, dan dominasi aparat desa mulai dari kepala dusun hingga kepala desa, serta lembaga-lembaga desa seperti PKK, LPM, dan BPD, perwakilan kecamatan dan kabupaten. Proses Musrenbang di tingkat kecamatan dan kabupaten tidak melibatkan masyarakat, hanya diwakili elit-elit desa, dan di dominasi aparat. Kesimpulannya, pada proses penyusunan tingkat desa terdapat penolakan pada setiap bidang program. Terdapat 2 (dua) alasan utama penolakan, yaitu : pertama, program yang diusulkan di tingkat desa tidak sinkroni dengan program SKPD ; kedua, adanya hasil penjaringan aspirasi masyarakat (jaringasmara) oleh anggota DPRD daerah pemilihan (dapil). Pada pelaksanaan musrenbang tingkat kabupaten, usulan-usulan dari tingkat kecamatan masih mengalami perubahan, program yang tidak tertampung di tingkat kabupaten diusulkan menjadi program Provinsi, dan program APBN. Disarankan perlu memantapkan pola penyusunan rencana pembangunan jangka panjang (RPJP) daerah dan rencana pembangunan jangka menengah (RPJM) daerah, rencana kerja SKPD, dan rencana kerja Pemerintah Daerah, melalui kajian secara ilmiah kerjasama perguruan tinggi yang berkompetensi dalam bidangnya, atas dukungan atau political-will (kemauan politik) Pemerintah Daerah.

The consultation of developmental planning (musyawarah pcrcncanaan pembangzman-Musrenbangl, which is regarded as most effective in providing local community with space to actively participate in the developmental planning process, is in fact not realized yet as expected. The existence of the components of local community is still limited to merely fulfilling the administrative requirement of legitimacy for the process of developmental implementation at village level. Therefore, this study is to answer questions concerning (1) how the process of the consultation of developmental planning is in Gorontalo Regency, and (2) what causes the proposals are not included as priorities in the Local Budget. It uses a descriptive-qualitative method with the target locations of 20 villages situated in six subdistricts in Gorontalo Regency, all of which are considered as relatively good in implementing the consultation of developmental planning. The theory used for describing the phenomenon, as stated by many critics, is that planning and budgeting system are full of politics and playing; it only creates incremental changes on the planning and budgeting period; it is not responsive to rapidly changing environment and supresses initiatives; it focuses on cost decrease compared to value creation; and it is too costly for only little value created. Result of the study indicates the processes run in the consultation of developmental planning at the village level still involves local communities and village elites coming fiom the components of youths, women figures, and village institutions such as PKK, LPM, and BPD, as well as the representatives of offices at the levels of subdistrict and regency. The process of the consultation at the two levels does not involve local communities, but only is represented by village elites and dominated by village apparatuses. In conclusion, in the processes run at the village level, three are rejection against each field of program. There are two main reasons for the rejection, i.e. first, the programs proposed at the village level are asynchronous with programs of the Work Units of Village Apparatuses (SKPD); second, the members of the People Representatives at the local level have had results of capturing aspirations of local communities from their respective election areas. In the implementation of the consultation of developmental planning at the local level, proposals from the subdistrict level must still be changed, while the programs at the local level must be proposed to be those at the provincial level and even those of the National Budget. Based on the result, it is recommended that the pattern of formulating the long-term local deveIOpmental planning (RPJ K daerah) and the middle-term local developmental planning (RPJM daerah), the work plans of SKPD, and the work plans of the Local Government is necessary to establish through scientific studies in cooperation with any competent universities supported by the political will of the concerned Local Government.

Kata Kunci : Penyusunan anggaran,Musrenbang, Formulation of Budget, the Consultation of DeveIOpmental Flaming