Implementasi program bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) di Kota Kendari Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
BIDA, Obed, Prof. Dr. Muhadjir Darwin
2008 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi NegaraKota Kendari merupakan salah satu daerah penerima dana BOS terbesar di diantara beberapa kabupaten/kota lainnya yang ada di Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sejak program ini diimplementasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sosialisasi dan transparansi program, penyaluran dana, penggunaan dana, target group dan realisasi pemanfaatan dana Program BOS. Adapun informan penelitian adalah Kepala Diknas Kota Kendari, Kandepag Kota, Kepala sekolah SD dan SMP sederajat, Bendahara Sekolah, Guru, Komite Sekolah, Orangtua Siswa, Siswa dan Stakeholder lainnya. Untuk mengetahui implementasi Program BOS digunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menganalisis data hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumen yang terdapat di diknas kota, kandepag dan sekolah-sekolah yang dijadikan informan penelitian di Kota Kendari. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan program, diperlukan evaluasi implementasi program yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kinerja program untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan dan dipusatkan pada masalah-masalah dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi selama implementasi kebijakan dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sosialisasi dan transparansi program belum berjalan optimal, di samping waktu yang singkat, informasi yang disampaikan masih terlalu umum, dan juga pihak pelaksana tidak sepenuhnya memahami materi program serta kurang transparan terhadap informasi program. Proses penyaluran dana telah berjalan sesuai prosedur, walaupun ada beberapa sekolah yang belum memahami mekanisme penyaluran dana dan penggunaan dana lebih cenderung diarahkan pada honor dan kinerja pegawai. Penentuan indikator siswa miskin masih sangat berbeda-beda dan tidak mempunyai indikator yang jelas sehingga masih bersifat subyektif. Secara umum implementasi Program BOS di Kota Kendari memperlihatkan bahwa Program BOS sangat membantu penyelenggaraan kegiatan belajar mengajar dalam batas-batas tertentu dan dapat mengurangi beban biaya pendidikan yang ditanggung orangtua murid, walaupun masih menyisakan berbagai masalah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan potensi pemanfaatan program dalam meningkatkan akses masyarakat miskin terhadap pendidikan lebih bermutu. Peningkatan akses tersebut dilihat dari jumlah penerimaan siswa baru setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan angka anak putus sekolah. Melihat potensi implementasi program, pihak pelaksana disarankan melakukan sosialisasi secara berjenjang dalam bentuk pelatihan dan sosialisasi secara terbuka terhadap masyarakat luas, penetapan indikator siswa miskin, mengoptimalkan komite sekolah serta berbagai penyempurnaan secara konseptual dan teknis pelaksanaan di sekolah.
Kendari City is one of the areas receiving the biggest School Operational Fund(BOS) among some other regencies/cities in the Province of South East Sulawesi since the implementation of this program. This research is aimed at knowing the socialization and transparency of the program, distribution of fund, utilization of fund, target group and realization of the use of BOS Program fund. The informants of this research were the Head of National Education of Kendari City, Head of City Religion Department, Schoolmasters of Elementary Schools and Secondary High School, school treasurer, teacher, school committee, student’s parents, students and other stakeholder. In order to know the implementation of BOS Program, descriptive qualitative analysis was used by analyzing the data collected from the observation, interviews, and documents available in the city national education office, religion department office and the schools functioning as the research informants in Kendari City. In order to know the success of the program, an evaluation of the program implementation is required with an expectation of being able to give information on the program achievement in order to achieve the expected goal and it is focused on the problems and obstacles encountered during the implementation of the policy. The results of the research showed that socialization and transparency of the program had not run optimally, in addition to limited time, too general information to be disseminated, and also that the executor did not fully understand the program material and was not sufficiently transparent about the program information. The fund distribution process ran in accordance with the procedure, although there were some school did not understand mechanism of the fund distribution and the use of the use of the fund tended to be directed for honorarium and achievement of the staff. Determination of indicators of poor students varied so much and there were no clear indictors so that they were still subjective. In general, the implementation of BOS Program in Kendari City show that to certain extent BOS Program supports so much the implementation of learning-teaching processes and it can also reduce the burden of the cost of education borne by students’ parents, even though it still leaves several problems. The results of the research show the potential of the program use in order to improve the access of poor society to better quality education. The improvement of such an access from the increase of the number of new student registration each year and the decrease of the number of students dropping out of school. Considering that BOS Program gives benefits to the increase of new students registration and decreased number of drop out students, the program should be continued with the improvement of conceptual and technical implementation at schools.
Kata Kunci : Implementasi,Program,Bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS), Implementation, program, School Operational Fund (BOS)
