Evaluasi pengendalian vektor demam berdarah dengue di daerah endemis Puskesmas Singgani Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2006-2007

SUDARNO, Jadmoko, Dr Damar Tri Boewono, MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar belakang: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan menimbulkan dampak sosial maupun ekonomi. Kota Palu merupakan salah satu daerah endemis penyakit DBD. Pada Tahun 2007 jumlah kasus DBD semakin meningkat dan penyebarannya semakin meluas. Hal ini berkaitan dengan peningkatan mobilitas penduduk sejalan dengan semakin lancarnya hubungan transportasi serta tersebarnya virus dengue dan nyamuk Ae. Aegypti. Program pengendalian penyakit DBD dilakukan dengan memberantas nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penyakit DBD. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penyebaran kasus DBD dan pelaksanaan program pengendalian vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Palu. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif evaluatif dengan memadukan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Singgani Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah : Seluruh Komponen yang terlibat dalam kelompok kerja pengendalian vektor demam berdarah di Kota Palu. Variabel penelitian adalah Variabel Input (tenaga, sarana/prasarana dan dana), Variabel proses (Perencanaan, Pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan program dan Partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pengendalian vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue) dan Variabel output ( Angka Bebas Jentik dan penyebaran kasus DBD) Hasil: Penyebaran Kasus DBD membentuk kelompok-kelompok atau cluster di daerah endemis dan secara sporadis di daerah non endemis. Perencanaan program pengendalian vektor DBD di Kota Palu telah dilakukan sesuai dengan indikator perencanaan, tetapi hanya fokus pada program tingkat sekunder dan tersier, sedangkan pengorganisasian belum memberikan hasil yang maksimal. Pelaksanaan fogging fokus belum sesuai dengan petunjuk teknis yaitu hanya dilakukan satu siklus dengan radius 100 m. Pelaksanaan Abatisasi hanya pada saat ada kasus DBD. Pelaksanaan PSN dilakukan melalui kegiatan 3M+, kegiatan jum’at bersih, kerja bakti pada hari minggu tidak dilakukan secara rutin. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pengendalian vektor DBD masih kurang, juru pemantau jentik belum ada di semua kelurahan tempat penelitian. Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan Pengendalian vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Palu belum dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya, baik perencanaan, fogging, abatisasi dan PSN, sehingga kasus DBD di Kota Palu masih tinggi.

Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of public health problems which bring both social and economic impact. Palu Municipality is one of the endemic areas of DHF. In 2007 the number of DHF cases was increasing and the distribution was expanding. This is related to the increasing mobility of the population in correlation with such easier transportation and the distribution of both dengue virus and mosquito vector Ae. aegypti. Dengue control program is carried out by eliminating Ae. aegypti the main vector of DHF disease. Objective: The study aimed to identify the distribution of DHF cases and the implementation of DHF vector control program at Palu Municipality. Method: This was a descriptive evaluative study which combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. It was carried out at the working area of Singgani Health Center of Palu Municipality, Central Sulawesi Province. The population of the study was all components involved in the working groups of DHF vector control at Palu Municipality. Research variables consisted of input (human resources, facilities, and fund), process (program planning, organization, implementation and community participation on the dengue vector control program) and output (score of larvae absence and the distribution of DHF cases). Result: DHF cases distribution in clusters in endemic areas and sporadically in non endemic areas. The planning of DHF vector control program at Palu Municipality had been carried out according to planning indicators. However it only focused on the program at secondary and tertiary level. Meanwhile the organization had not brought maximum result. The implementation of thermal fogging was not based on technical procedures, i.e. it was only done in one cycle at the radius of 100 meters. ABATE (larvicide) was distributed only when there was a DHF case. The implementation of source reduction elimination was carried out through activities of covering water container, cleaning water container once a week, burying unused cans as well as campaigning clean Fridays and doing cooperative cleaning on Sundays which were not done routinely. There was less community participation in the dengue control program; larvae monitoring personnel was not always available in all villages observed. Conclusion: The implementation of DHF vector control program at Palu Municipality had not been carried out as it should be either in planning, fogging, ABATE distribution or mosquito breeding habitat control so that DHF cases of Palu Municipality were still relatively high.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi pengendalian vektor,Demam berdarah dengue, evaluation, vector control, dengue haemorrhagic fever