Evaluasi sistem surveilans japanese enchephalitis di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Gianyar

DHARMA, I Dewa Gede Sura, dr. Kristiani, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Japanese Encephalitis adalah suatu penyakit infeksi virus yang menyerang susunan saraf pusat yang disebarkan oleh nyamuk (mosquito-borne viral disease) dengan perantaraan hewan lain, seperti babi. Hasil penemuan kasus Japanese Encephalitis dan kematian akibat Japanese Encephalitis di Kabupaten Gianyar dari tahun 2001-2003 ditemukan 22 kasus. Tetapi sampai saat ini penemuan kasus Japanese Encephalitis di Kabupaten Gianyar belum berjalan dengan baik, data yang diperoleh selama ini hanya berdasarkan data yang dilaporkan oleh rumah sakit pemerintah saja. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sistem surveilans Japanese Encephalitis yang dilakukan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Gianyar. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dinas Kesehatan dan puskesmas di Kabupaten Gianyar. Subyek penelitian adalah Kepala Dinas Kesehatan, Kepala Sub. Dinas P2M-PL, Kepala seksi surveilans, kepala puskesmas, dokter BP (balai pengobatan), petugas laboratorium yang melakukan pemeriksaan spesimen Japanese Encephalitis di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Propinsi dan petugas yang mengelola surveilans di puskesmas serta Kepala Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Gianyar. Hasil Penelitian: Pelaksanaan surveilans penyakit Japanese Encephalitis di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Gianyar belum optimal, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor sarana prasarana yang belum mendukung, anggaran yang terbatas dan kondisi SDM surveilans yang belum sesuai dengan standar yang ditentukan. Kegiatan fungsi pokok surveilans juga belum optimal, karena belum adanya kebijakan pelaksanaan surveilans penyakit Japanese Encephalitis yang mendukung. Kualifikasi standar surveilans penyakit Japanese Encephalitis serta pelatihan petugas surveilans baik Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten maupun petugas surveilans di puskesmas selama ini belum ada sehingga menyebabkan terbatasnya pengetahuan petugas surveilans mengenai penyakit Japanese Encephalitis. Selama ini evaluasi pelaksanaan surveilans di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten maupun puskesmas hanya bersifat pasif. Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan surveilans Japanese Encephalitis di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Gianyar belum berjalan optimal, belum didukung input yang memadai dan surveilans di puskesmas bersifat pasif.

Background: Japanese Encephalitis is a viral infected disease that attack on central nerves system which spreaded by mosquitos (mosquito-borne viral diseae) through another animals, such as pig. Results of the discovery of the Japanese Encephalitis case and the death resulting from Japanese Encephalitis in the Gianyar Regency from the year 2001-2003 were found by 22 cases. But until now, Japanese Encephalitis case finding haven’t been going well, data were collected merely based only on reports from government hospital. Purpose: To learn about the conducting of Japanese Encephalitis surveillance system perform by the Gianyar Region Health Office. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative research using case study design. Research was conducted at health office and community health centers around Gianyar Region. Research subject were head of Health Office, head of Sub Office P2M-PL, head of Cattlefarm Office, region’s surveillance officers, head of Community Health Centers, doctors on Community Health Center’s Treatment yard, Province Health Laboratory officers and surveillance officers of 13 Community Health Centers. Data were collected from indepth interviews, Foccus Group Discussion and Observation. Result: Japanese Encephalitis disease surveillance performed by Gianyar Region Health Office was not optimezed, because its supporting factors haven’t been much contributed, limited budget and surveillance officer resources that weren’t met the appropiate standard. Main Japanese Encephalitis surveillance activities were also haven’t been optimally fuctioned, since there were no policies on performing Japanese Encephalitis disease surveillance. The absence of Japanese Encephalitis disease surveillance qualification standard and no deasant surveillance officer’s training at both region’s health office and community health center have caused the surveillance officers have lack of knowledge on Japanese Encephalitis disease. Until now, the surveillance activities evaluation at region health office and community health centers were merely in passive sense. Conclusion: Japanese Encephalitis disease surveillance performed by Gianyar Region Health Office was not optimezed, was not yet supported input that was adequate and surveilans in the community health centre was passive.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi,Japanese enchephalitis,Surveilans