Hubungan tipe keluarga dengan perilaku pemberian makanan bayi di Kecamatan Tanjung Pinang Barat kota Tanjung Pinang

HARMAWATI, Endah, Prof. dr. Diaswadi D, MPH. SpOG(k) PhD

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Terjadi penurunan pola pemberian ASI pada anak 46,4% pada usia setelah 1 bulan, 38,0% pada usia setelah 3 bulan, dan usia sampai 6 bulan sebesar 34. 7%. Hal yang sam a hampir ditemukan dibeberapa negara. Variasi perilaku pemberian ASI pada bayi tergantung dari etn ik, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan faktor demografi. Proporsi pemberian ASI ekslusif di Indonesia pada tahun 1997 masih dibawah 52% dan hal ini meningkat di tahun 2002 (55.1 %). Pemberian ASI pad a bayi dikaitan dengan beberapa hal antara lain kondisi pekerjaan ibu, dukungan dari keluarga, pengetahuan ibu, dan tersedianya akses fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu dalam memberikan makanan bayi di Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Barat Kota Tanjungpinang. Metode penelitian: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang mengambil lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Barat Kota Tanjungpinang. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 81 subjek dengan cara pengambilan sampel sistematic random sampling. Pengumpulan data mengunakan instrumen kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square, perhitungan RP dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Subjek yang mempunyai perilaku buruk pemberian makanan bayi sebesar 52%, sedangkan yang mempunyai perilaku baik sebesar 48%. Subjek yang mempunyai tipe keluarga inti sebanyak 69%, sedangkan keluarga luas 31 %. Anal isis bivariabel menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tipe keluarga dengan perilaku pemberian makanan bayi p=0.015 (RP=2.04; 1.04-3.98 Cl 95%). Variabel pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, pekerjaan ibu, dan paritas tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku pemberian makanan bayi. Pada analisis multivariabel diperoleh hasil bahwa tipe keluarga luas dan paritas mempunyai kontribusi untuk menimbulkan perilaku buruk dalam pemberian makanan bayi sebesar 11 ,8%. Kesimpulan: Tipe keluarga luas mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan prevalensi perilaku buruk pemberian makanan bayi. Tipe keluarga dan paritas mempunyai kontribusi dalam perilaku buruk pemberian makanan bayi. lbu yang tinggal serumah dengan keluarga lain merupakan indikator perilaku buruk dalam pemberian makanan bayi.

Background: The decreasing of giving breastfeeding milk (ASI) in children after one month old was 46.4% , in children after 3 months old was 38.0%, and in children at the age up to 6 months old was 34.7%. This was found in various countries. The variance of behavior in giving breastfeeding milk in babies depend on ethinicity, social economic level and demographic factor. The proportion of giving exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia was still under 52% and this was improved in the year of 2002 (55.1 %). Breastfeeding in babies was mostly related with various things such as condition of mother's job, support from family, mother's knowledge, and access of facilities to health service. Objective: This research was aimed to find out mother's behavior in giving babies food in the sub district of west Tanjungpinang, Tanjungpinang municipality. Method: This was an analytical survey research that was conducted with cross sectional design in West Tanjungpinang sub district, Tanjungpinang municipality. The sample in this research was 81 subjects who were chosen with sistematic random sampling and the data was collected by using questionaire instrument. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted with chi square test, RP measurement and logistic regression. Result: Subjects who had bad behavior in giving babies food was 52%, while who had good behavior was 48%. Subjects who had core family type was 69%, while extended family was 31 %. The bivariat analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between family type with behavior of giving babies food p=0.015 (RP=2.04; 1.04-3.98 Cl 95%). The variable of mother's education, family income, mother's job, and parity did not have significant correlation with behavior of giving babies food. The result of multivariat analysis showed that extended family type and parity had contribution to create bad behavior in giving babies food with 11 .8%. Conclusion: The extended family had significant relationship with prevalence of bad behavior in giving babies food. Family type and parity had great contribution in bad behavior of giving babies food. Mother who live in the same house with other family is an indicator of bad behavior in giving babies.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku,Pemberian makanan bayi,Kota Tanjung Pinang