Hubungan tingkat depresi dengan kualitas hidup pada daerah bencana pasca gempa bumi di Kabupaten Sleman tahun 2007

NURHASANAH, dr. Haripurnomo K, MPH, DrPH

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Masalah kesehatan jiwa di masyarakat sangat luas dan kompleks, tidak hanya meliputi yang sudah terganggu jiwanya, tetapi juga meliputi berbagai problem psikososial, kualitas hidup dan keharmonisan hidup. Gempa bumi tidak hanya berakibat pada kerusakan fisik namun juga menyebabkan terjadinya trauma psikologis seperti masalah emosional, masalah ekonomi, masalah sosial dan masalah hubungan interpersonal apabila jauh melebihi kapasitas koping masyarakat yang terkena. Prevalensi gangguan kejiwaan pada masyarakat yang mampu bertahan hidup berkisar antara 0,2%-7,2% dengan depresi mayor 6,4%. Kualitas hidup pada masyarakat yang mengalami depresi mayor lebih rendah dibandingkan orang yang sehat dan gangguan kejiwaan lain. Kecamatan Berbah, Kalasan dan Prambanan merasakan getaran gempabumi yang dahsyat dan mengalami kerusakan yang sangat parah. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan tingkat depresi dengan kualitas hidup pada masyarakat di daerah bencana pasca gempa bumi di Kabupaten Sleman. Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional study. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 721 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan Medical outcomes Short Form 36 (SF-36) untuk mengukur kualitas hidup dan Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) untuk mengukur tingkat depresi. Data dianalisis secara bivariabel dan multivariabel dengan persamaan regresi linier. Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariabel menunjukkan variabel yang secara statistik berhubungan terhadap kualitas hidup di Kabupaten Sleman adalah tingkat depresi (r=0,561, R2=0,314), jenis kelamin(r=0,042, R2=0,002), status perkawinan(r=0,126, R2=0,016), pendapatan (r=0,092, R2=0,008) dan interaksi sosial (r=0,171, R2=0,029). Hasil analisis multivariabel terdapat 3 variabel yang bermakna secara statistik yaitu tingkat depresi, interaksi sosial dan jenis kelamin ((Adjusted R2 = 0,334). Kesimpulan: Tingkat depresi, sosial interaksi dan jenis kelamin berperan sebagai faktor risiko terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat di daerah bencana pasca gempa bumi di Kabupaten Sleman dan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05).

Background: The problem of mental health in the community is greatly varied and complex. It does not only include mental disorder but also numerous psychosocial problems, quality of life and harmony in life. Earthquake brings both physical damages and psychological trauma such as emotional, economical, social and interpersonal relationship if it goes far beyond coping capacity of the community that becomes the victim. The prevalence of mental disorder of the community that can survive is about 0.2% - 7.2% with major depression 6.4%. Quality of life of the community that suffers from major depression is lower than that of healthy people and those that have other mental disorder. Sub-district of Berbah, Kalasan and Prambanan feel the magnitude of earthquake and serious damages. Objective: To identify the relationship between level of depression and quality of life of the community at the disaster area post earthquake at District of Sleman. Method: The study used cross sectional design. Subject of the study consisted of 721 people. Data were obtained through interview and observation. Instruments of medical outcomes Short Form 36 (SF-36) were used to measure quality of life and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to measure level of depression. Data were analyzed using bivariable and multivariable method with simple linear regression and multivariate linear regression. Result: The result of bivariable analysis showed that variables statistically had relationship with quality of life at District of Sleman were level of depression (r=0.561, R2=0.314), sex (r=0.042, R2=0.002), marital status (r=0.126; R2=0.016), income (r=0.092, R2=0.008) and social interaction (r=0.171, R2=0.029). The result of multivariable analysis showed that there were three variables statistically significant, i.e. level of depression, social interaction and sex (Adjusted R2=0.334). Conclusion: Level of depression , social interaction and sex were risk factors of quality of life of the community post earthquake in the District of Sleman and they were statistically significant (p<0.05)

Kata Kunci : Kualitas hidup,Tingkat depresi,Faktor resiko, quality of life, level of depression, risk factors