Respon penghuni perumahan sederhana terhadap penyediaan prasarana dan layanan transportasi :: Studi kasus di 3 (Tiga) kawasan perumahan di Kota Pekanbaru

FERIYANTO, Bambang, Ir. Bambang Hari Wibisono, MUP., M.Sc., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Pembangunan perumahan oleh developer seringkali kurang terkoordinasi dengan kebijakan tata ruang dan transportasi. Akibat dari hal tersebut, dapat terjadi ketidakadilan, ketidakefisienan dan masalah sosial dan lingkungan. Masalah ini terindikasi di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kondisi sistem transportasi perumahan sederhana dan mengetahui respon penghuni terhadap kondisi penyediaan prasarana dan layanan transportasi serta mencari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deduktif kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode analisis korelasional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket dan metode observasi dengan mengamati obyek dan peristiwa untuk mengetahui tingkat keabsahan penelitian di lapangan. Unit sampel yang digunakan adalah unit keluarga penghuni satu rumah. Karena objek penelitian (penghuni perumahan) terkelompok pada 3 (tiga) lokasi perumahan, maka pengambilan sampel juga disesuaikan dengan proporsi sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa telah terjadi diskriminasi dalam hal penyediaan prasarana dan layanan transportasi untuk segmen perumahan sederhana di Kota Pekanbaru, yang cenderung terabaikan dan dampaknya dirasakan oleh penghuni perumahan. Dampak ketidakpuasan penghuni menimbulkan reaksi berupa harapan, kekhawatiran maupun reaksi berupa tindakan baik secara individu maupun kolektif dari sebagian penghuni, misalnya penghuni membeli kendaraan pribadi atau respon yang bersifat komunal diwujudkan dalam bentuk upaya kolektif dari para penghuni perumahan untuk bersama-sama memperbaiki kondisi jalan secara swadaya serta menyediakan layanan angkutan murah untuk membantu penghuni khususnya bagi kalangan pelajar. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa faktor umur, faktor pendidikan serta faktor pekerjaan mempengaruhi variasi respon terhadap kondisi penyediaan prasarana dan layanan transportasi di masing-masing kawasan perumahan sederhana, meskipun derajat hubungan dari masing-masing faktor pada masing-masing kawasan perumahan penghuni relatif lemah. Faktor umur ditemukan mempunyai pengaruh paling kuat terhadap respon penghuni yaitu umur produktif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan 3 (tiga) hal penting, (1) membuat panduan standar persyaratan umum sistem jaringan dan geometrik jalan untuk perumahan sederhana yang harus dipenuhi oleh pengembang perumahan; (2) membuat suatu konsep sistem angkutan lingkungan/pengumpan yang melayani kawasan perumahan, yang aman, nyaman, terjangkau oleh masyarakat lapisan bawah serta ramah lingkungan; dan (3) pemerintah daerah agar dapat mendorong pengusaha angkutan untuk membuka trayek angkutan yang melayani kawasan perumahan yang belum terlayani dengan pemberian bantuan berupa subsidi atau modal usaha.

The development of housing complexes by developers was often not well coordinated with space and transportation layout policy. As a consequence, inequality, inefficiency, as well as social and environment problems may arise. These problems can be identified in Pekanbaru City. This research was to outline the condition of transport system in simple housing complexes and to identify the response of their inhabitants to the transport facilities and services as well as to identify its influencing factors. The research used deductive quantitative and qualitative approaches with co-relational analysis method. The data collection used questionnaire and observation methods by observing objects and events to measure the research validity in the field. The unit sample used was a family living in a house. Because the research objects (housing inhabitants) were grouped into 3 (three) housing complexes, the sampling technique was also proportional. The research insisted that there were discrimination in the transport facilities and services provided for the inhabitants of simple housing complex in Pekanbaru City. They tended to be ignored and its impacts could be felt by the housing inhabitants. The impacts of inhabitants’ dissatisfaction were the emerging hope, worry, and reactions, both individual and collective, of some inhabitants. For example, some inhabitants bought private transport facilities. The communal response was the inhabitants’ collective measures to improve the road conditions by themselves and to provide cheap transport facilities for the inhabitants in general and students in particular. Moreover, this research results showed that factors such as age, education, and job had influenced on the response variety toward the transport facilities and services in each simple housing complex, although the correlation among the factors in each housing complex was relatively weak. The general factor, that is the productive age, was found to have the strongest impact on the response of inhabitants. This research recommends 3 (three) important things: (1) to develop network system general rules standard pilot and geometric road for simple housing that must be filled by housing developers; (2) to establish transport system concept environment that serve housing area, safe, pleasant, achievable by substratum society with friendly environment; and (3) to support local governments so that they can push transport entrepreneur to open transport route that serve housing area not yet served with aid gift shaped subsidy or capital employed.

Kata Kunci : Respon, Prasarana, Layanan transportasi, Perumahan sederhana, response, transport facilities and services, simple housing.