Pengaruh penambangan timah rakyat terhadap perubahan fisik lingkungan dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Pemali Kabupaten Bangka

HARLIYANA, Ir. Gunung Radjiman, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Kegiatan penambangan timah rakyat di Kecamatan Pemali mulai timbul sejak adanya restrukturisasi PT Timah, dan kegiatan ini meningkat dengan adanya era otonomi daerah. Penambangan timah memberikan pengaruh baik secara fisik terhadap lingkungan sekitar maupun terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan kondisi fisik lingkungan dan perubahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat setelah adanya kegiatan penambangan timah rakyat yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penambangan timah dilakukan masyarakat di lahan kuasa penambangan PT Timah dengan berbagai cara dan teknologi, mulai dari teknologi yang sangat sederhana sampai teknologi dengan menggunakan alat berat. Perkembangan jumlah tambang yang dikelola oleh masyarakat sangat berfluktuasi, jumlah tambang yang dikelola akan meningkat dengan membaiknya harga timah di pasaran dan sebaliknya akan menurun bila harga timah jatuh. Pengaruh penambangan timah rakyat terhadap perubahan fisik lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa penambangan timah rakyat belum berpengaruh terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan, tetapi kegiatan ini telah mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan seperti timbulnya lobang-lobang bekas galian timah dan timbunan lumpur di sekitar areal penambangan. Pengaruh penambangan timah rakyat terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan bagi sebagian penambang pendapatan dari menambang hanya bisa untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Peningkatan kesejahteraan hanya terjadi pada para pemilik tambang skala kecil, tetapi itupun belum sebanding dengan resiko yang dihadapi, baik resiko secara ekonomi maupun resiko keselamatan kerja.

People tin mining activities in Pemali sub-district has started since the restructuring effort on PT Timah, and these activities have been increasing along with local autonomy era. Tin mining provides both physical effects on surrounding environment and social-economic of the community as well. The present research aimed to identify changes of physical effect in surrounding environment and social-economic of the community following the people tin mining at research site. This research was conducted using descriptive-qualitative method. Data collection method was performed through observations, interviews and secondary data collection. Results showed that tin mining activities that the community members were conducted in the PT Timah-authorized mining area by using various method and technology from very simple to heavy equipment-based technologies. The growing number of mines that the community members manage are highly fluctuating; total mining operation managed will increase in number along with the escalating rate of market tin price and will decrease along with falling rate of market tin price. The effects of people tin mining on physical changes of environment showed that people tin mining had not put effect on the changes of land use; however, these activities had damaged the environment such as abandoned pits of ex tin mining and mud heap at surrounding mining area. The effects of people tin mining on people social condition indicated that among some miners the income obtained from mining activities could fulfill daily need only. Improved wealth is only enjoyed by small-scale mine owners; however, it has not been comparable to either economic and work safety-related risks created.

Kata Kunci : Penambangan timah,Kondisi sosial,Lingkungan,Ekonomi masyarakat