Evacuation truck operation planning for prone area of volcano eruption :: A case study of the upper stream area around Gendol river and Woro river on the Merapi volcano, Indonesia

PUTRA, Taufiq Hidayat, Prof. Hiroshi Tsukaguchi

2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola sikap masyarakat di sekitar Gunung Merapi saat menghadapi bahaya erupsi, mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan dan hasil evakuasi yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah terutama saat Gunung Merapi meletus di tahun 2006 lalu, membangun skenario bahaya letusan Gunung Merapi dan skenario evakuasi terhadap penduduk sekitarnya, serta memberikan alternatif operasi evakuasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa pola sikap masyarakat saat proses erupsi sedang berlangsung, yaitu sebagian masyarakat: (1) bertahan di wilayah bahaya, (2) bersedia dievakuasi, yaitu langsung menuju tempat-tempat pengangkutan (pick-up point) dan bersedia tinggal di tempat penampungan, (3) berlari menyelamatkan diri (melakukan evakuasi) namun menuju arah yang tidak direkomendasikan pemerintah, (4) bersedia dievakuasi ke tempat penampungan namun kembali ke wilayah bahaya di saat proses erupsi sedang berlangsung, dan (5) bersedia dievakuasi dan tinggal di tempat penampungan namun setiap hari pergi ke wilayah bahaya untuk bekerja atau menjaga dan membersihkan rumah. Penelitian juga berupaya memahami bahaya primer Gunung Merapi, mengembangkan simulasi evakuasi, dan membangun beberapa skenario bahaya yang mungkin terjadi saat letusan di waktu mendatang berupa arah dan jarak jangkauan letusan. Selanjutnya, penelitian memberikan beberapa alternatif skenario evakuasi. Skenario evakuasi yang dihasilkan meliputi rute evakuasi, lokasi tempat penampungan, waktu tempuh, serta jumlah truk minimal yang dibutuhkan dalam situasi darurat yang mendesak.

The Merapi volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, erupts almost regularly. Faced with the eruption of the Merapi in 2006, the government has prepared the evacuation operation. The study explores one hazard area located around Gendol River in the District of Sleman, the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region and Woro River in the District of Klaten, the Province of Central Java as the study area. In 2006, one part of this area, the sub-village of Kaliadem, suffered with lava. Lava caused suffering tourism building, bunker and interrupted street and water pipe. Pyroclastic flows travelled along Gendol River until 7 km away. At that time, 2 persons died trapped at bunker. Based on geomorphology analysis (literature review), this study area is likely to suffer from the hazard of eruption the next time. The study is conducted in 2 stages. In the first stage, a study was conducted at Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia, in 2007. The study identified and described the evacuation operation facing eruption of the Merapi in 2006, and the community’s behavior during operation. Integrating to the first stage, the second stage study is conducted at Ritsumeikan University, Japan, in 2007 until 2008. In this stage, the study constructs the evacuation time of the evacuation truck operation in 2006 and develops improvements. Improvements are developed by using some techniques related to evacuation truck operation planning such as Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), Capacitated Clustering Problem (CCP) and the shortest path technique. The improvements are generated by having done previous some simulations. In this study, the planning process for the evacuation truck operation formulates some scenarios and proposes each improvement to apply in certain scenarios. This study develops 6 scenarios which are predicted to happen in eruption time. Based on those evacuation operation simulations and developed scenarios of eruption, the residents at the study area have chance to safety in less than 1 hour under crisis of the Merapi eruption. They are saved by the evacuation operation which is facilitated by the government.

Kata Kunci : Bahaya gunung merapi,Erupsi,Evakuasi,Simulasi,Skenario, the Merapi volcano, eruption, evacuation, simulation, scenario