Community participation in the DPD/K aid program in Kelurahan Kalidoro and Parenggan, Pati Regency

MULYONO, Febes, Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 MPKD

Selain guna penilaian kualitas partisipasi warga di Kelurahan Kalidoro dan Parenggan, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja pengelolaan program Dana Pembangunan Desa/Kelurahan (DPD/K) sekaligus faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi mereka dalam implementasi program dimaksud di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif. Sumber data meliputi para informan, tempat/kejadian, dan dokumen terkait. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survey, wawancara, dan observasi (pengamatan lapangan). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive random sampling, dimana data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Adapun yang menjadi unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah para stakeholders terkait dan keluarga/rumah tangga di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi warga dipandang sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan program. Disini, warga berpartisipasi terutama pada saat perencanaan proyek dan pelaksanaannya. Dalam proses perencanaan, pemerintah Kelurahan Kalidoro memberikan peluang sepenuhnya kepada warga guna merencanakan kegiatan mereka sendiri, sedangkan di Kelurahan Parenggan, pemerintah kelurahannya cenderung menggunakan pengelola formal proyek ketimbang menyerahkannya kepada warga. Dalam pelaksanaan proyek/kegiatan, warga di kedua kelurahan ini telah menunjukkan kontribusi nyata meskipun terdapat perbedaan dalam hal jumlah dan kualitasnya. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa warga di Kelurahan Kalidoro terlibat lebih aktif dan lebih banyak berkontribusi daripada warga di Parenggan. Warga Kalidoro nampak lebih bersemangat dan lebih mempunyai ”rasa memiliki” daripada warga Parenggan. Dalam kasus ini, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa kepemimpinan lokal mempunyai peran yang signifikan dalam menentukan kualitas partisipasi warga. Kiranya, berdasarkan hasil akhir penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan program DPD/K di lapangan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan partisipasi warga setempat. Dalam studi ini, proyek-proyek di Kelurahan Kalidoro dijalankan lebih dekat dengan warga daripada proyek yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Parenggan. Pendekatan di Kalidoro lebih mengarah pada pengikutsertaan dan komitmen warga. Hal ini sejalan dengan teori modern menyangkut kepemerintahan dan partisipasi.

The DPD/K aid program is one among several programs which aims are to increase the quality of public services through improving the quality of physical infrastructures in urban/rural area of Pati Regency. The program enables the people including in the kelurahan to participate in its implementation. In reality, people participation varies from one to another. This depends on the opportunity and the way how it is implemented in each area. Some factors influence the existing of participation. The research is conducted not only to assess the quality of people participation in the implementation of the DPD/K aid program in Kelurahan Kalidoro and Parenggan but also to clarify the performance of the program management and to find the factors that influence to the community participation in the research areas. Type of the research is explorative. Data resources consist of the informants, places/events, and documents. Data collecting of the research uses techniques of survey, interview, and observation. The research uses technique of purposive random sampling. The data are analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative method and the analyses units of this research are stakeholders and households. The results of research show that people participation is used as a means to accomplish the aim of the program. In the program implementation, the people participate mainly in projects planning and projects operation. In planning process, the kelurahan government in Kalidoro gives entirely opportunity for the people to plan their own projects. Meanwhile, in Parenggan, the kelurahan government prefers using the internal management to giving it to the people. In projects implementation, the people in these two kelurahan perform their real contribution, but they are different in the quantity and quality each other. The research finds that the people in Kalidoro involve more actively and have more contributions to the projects accomplishment than the people in Parenggan. In implementing the program, the people in Kalidoro have more motivation and more “sense of ownership” than those in Parenggan. In this case, local leadership also gives significant roles in determining the quality of people participation. Under such circumstance, the quality of the program implementation becomes different in the research areas. Finally, it can be concluded that the implementation of the DPD/K aid program in the field has significant correlation with the existing of people participation. In this study, the projects in Kelurahan Kalidoro have been run much closer contact with the people than in Kelurahan Parenggan. The Kalidoro approach leads to more involvement, commitment and feelings of ownership of the people. This is very much in line with modern theories about governance and participation.

Kata Kunci : partisipasi, motivasi, kepemimpinan, manajemen proyek, participation, motivation, leadership, project management