Peran serta masyarakat petani lahan pesisir Kabupaten Bantul dalam kegiatan pertanian di area pelestarian hutan konservasi pantai

BASUKI, Dr. Ir Bondan Hermanislamet, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 MPKD

Pesisir pantai Bantul semula merupakan lahan tandus, dengan pepohonan yang tumbuh meliputi rigulung, kaktus, dan pandan. Pada musim kemarau terjadi erosi pasir oleh angin, sehingga terjadi gundukan pasir yang berpindah-pindah. Dalam RTRW Propinsi DIY dan Kabupaten Bantul, kawasan pesisir tersebut ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi yang berfungsi melindungi daratan aluvial dari erosi pasir dan angin laut. Pada tahun 1990-an berhasil dilakukan program penghijauan, dan setelah itu masyarakat mencoba melakukan budidaya pertanian palawija di area hutan konservasi tersebut dan berhasil. Dengan adanya pertanian di lahan pesisir tersebut, merangsang peneliti untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah peranserta petani lahan pesisir tersebut terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan merumuskan konsepkonsep peranserta petani lahan pesisir terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode berpikir induktif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif di bawah paradigma fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya tiga jenis peran serta masyarakat petani terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi, yaitu : (1) peran serta aktif, (2) peranserta semu, dan (3) tidak ada peranserta. Petani lahan pesisir berperan serta aktif terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi karena adanya keterpaduan antara hutan konservasi dengan pertanian lahan pesisir, sehingga hutan tersebut menguntungkan petani, dukungan daya dukung lahan pesisir untuk pertanian, dan pendapatan petani lahan pesisir besar. Hal ini menjadikan petani berperan serta aktif menjaga dan memelihara hutan konservasi. Petani lahan pesisir berperanserta semu terhadap hutan konservasi, karena tidak ada keterpaduan antara hutan konservasi dengan petani lahan pesisir, dan pendapatan petani lahan pesisir kecil. Hal ini menjadikan petani lahan pesisir berperanserta semu terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi, yaitu tidak merusak hutan konservasi tetapi juga tidak mau menjaga dan memeliharanya.. Petani lahan pesisir tidak berperan serta terhadap pelestarian hutan konservasi, karena tidak ada keterpaduan antara hutan konservasi dengan petani lahan pesisir, dan kemiskinan petani lahan pesisir. Hal ini menjadikan petani lahan pesisir merusak hutan konservasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari. Dalam pengelolaan hutan konservasi pantai, penulis menyarankan adanya keterpaduan antara pengelolaan hutan konservasi pantai dengan petani lahan pesisir, pengelola membantu pembangunan prasarana daya dukung lahan pertanian lahan pesisir, dan mengupayakan hutan konservasi sebagai salah satu usaha memenuhi tuntutan ekonomi masyarakat petani lahan pesisir.

Coastal area in Bantul characterized by infertile land, which consists of many kinds of trees such as: Rigulung, Cactus and Pandanus. In the dry season, there were sands erosion caused by wind. This erosion caused the existence of sand dome. In the space and region of DIY Province and Bantul Regency, the coastal areas was alocated as conservation areas which has function as a protection of alluvial land from sand erosion and sea wind. In 1990’s, there was a reforesting program which was successful. Since then, many people try to do palawija farming cultivation inside the conservation forest area, and it was successful. The existence of farming in this coastal area stimulates researcher to know how coastal area farmer’s participation toward the preservation of conservation forest was. This research aimed to describe and formulate the concepts of coastal area farmer’s participation toward forest preservation of conservation. This research was done by inductive thinking method, using qualitative approach under phenomenology paradigm. The result of the research showed that there were three kinds of farmer’s participation toward the preservation of conservation forest. They are: (1) active participation, (2) passive participation, and (3) no participation. Coastal area farmers actively participated toward the preservation of conservation forest because there was integrity between conservation forest and coastal area farming. The forests gave the advantages to the farmers, the support of beach land for farming and coastal area farmers ‘incomes are high. These made the farmers actively participate to keep and to maintain the forest conservation. Coastal area farmers passively participated toward the preservation of conservation forest because there was no integrity between conservation forest and coastal area farmers ‘incomes are low. These made coastal area farmers passively participated toward the preservation of conservation forest. It was done by not destroying the forest and also not keeping and maintaining it. Coastal area farmers had no participation toward the preservation of conservation forest because there was no integrity between conservation forest and coastal area farmers and the poverty of coastal farmers. These made coastal area farmers destroyed the conservation forest to fulfill their daily basic need. In order to manage coastal conservation forest this research suggest that there should be integrity between coastal conservation forest management and coastal farmer. The manager helped the farmer by building some supporting facilities of coastal area farming and tried to make coastal conservation forest as one of alternatives thing to fulfill coastal area farmer’s economic demand

Kata Kunci : Peran serta petani,Lahan pesisir,Konservasi hutan