Studi taksonomi jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) berdasarkan bukti morfologi dan profil kromatografi lapis tipis senyawa terpenoid

HANANINGSIH, Titi, Drs. Purnomo, M.S

2008 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian mengenai variasi jarak pagar berdasarkan bukti morfologi dan profil KLT senyawa terpenoid dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan tentang variasi morfologi dan sifat khasnya, profil KLT senyawa terpenoid, perbedaan buah dan biji jarak pagar, jarak yodium, jarak landi dan hubungan kekerabatan fenetik antar variant morfologi. Sampel dikoleksi dari kebun BALITRI Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat; Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengah; BALITTAS Malang, dan Kebun Percobaan Asembagus Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan pada organ batang, daun, bunga, buah, dan biji. Daun ke-10 dari ujung cabang dibuat serbuk untuk mengidentifikasi profil KLT senyawa terpenoid. Koding dan skoring karakter morfologi secara multistate sedangkan profil KLT senyawa terpenoid secara (two-state) binair, kemudian dilakukan standarisasi untuk membuat tabel 0 – 1. Nilai indeks similaritas dihitung dengan rumus koefisien similaritas. Analisis data secara deskriptif dan analisis klaster dengan metode UPGMA dilakukan untuk menciptakan dendrogram yang menggambarkan hubungan kekerabatan fenetik antar variant morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak pagar memiliki empat variant morfologi, yaitu: variant 1 (daun hijau, ratio panjang : lebar 1 : 1), variant 2 (daun hijau tua, ratio panjang : lebar, 1 : 1,5), variant 3 (daun hijau kemerahan, ratio panjang : lebar, 1 : 1), dan variant 4 (daun hijau, ratio panjang : lebar, 1 : 1, berbau wangi), sedangkan sifat khas profil KLT senyawa terpenoid: variant 1 Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62, variant 2 Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62, variant 3 Rf 0.14, 0.15 (fluoresensi), 0.36, 0.45, 0.62, dan variant 4 Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62. Dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan profil KLT senyawa terpenoid menunjukkan empat takson di bawah tingkat jenis jarak pagar, yang diduga merupakan varietas.

The problems of taxonomical research of Jatropha curcas L. based on morphological and terpenoid compound are morphological variation, diagnostic characters (morphology and terpenoid compound), difference of fruit and seed castor oil plant, coral plant, bellyache bush and phenetic relationship between morphological variances. Samples were collected from BALITTRI garden Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java; Experiment Garden Muktiharjo, Pati, Central Java; BALITTAS Malang, and Experiment Garden Asembagus Situbondo, East Java. Characterization of Stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds organ were done. Coding and scoring of each morphological characters was done by multistate and binary method. Standarization of morphological characters was determined, to created 0 – 1 table. Similarity index determined based on 0 – 1 table, simple matching coefficient. Morphology and profil of terpenoid compound data was analyzed by descriptive method to create diagnostic characters. More over, similarity index was analyzed by cluster analysis using UPGMA to create the dendrogram, that showed the phenetic relationship. The result of the research shows that castor oil plant have four morphological variant: first (green-colored leaves, length : width ratio, 1 : 1), second (dark-green colored leaves, length : width ratio, 1 : 1,5), third (reddish-green colored leaves, length : width ratio, 1 : 1, and fourth (green-colored leaves, length : width ratio, 1 : 1, the leaves have a good smell). Specific character of TLC profile of Jatropha curcas L terpenoid compound, variant 1 (first) are Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62; variant 2 (second) are Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62; variant 3 (third) are Rf 0.14, 0,15 (fluorescence), 0.36, 0.45, 0.62; variant 4 (fourth) are Rf 0.14, 0.36, 0.45, 0.62. Profile of terpenoid compound at castor oil plant was identified as triterpenoid and steroid. By virtue of morphological character and profile of terpenoid compound show dendrogram that there are fourth group (taxon) in the population of Jatropha curcas, that predicted as variety.

Kata Kunci : Jatropha curcas L,Morfologi,Profil kromatografi,Lapis tipis,senyawa terpenoid,Hubungan kekerabatan, Jatropha curcas L, morphology, TLC profile of terpenoid compound, phenetic relationship